A comparison of ground level solar radiative effects of recent volcanic eruptions

Olmo, F.J.; Tovar, J.; Alados-Arboledas, L.; Okulov, Oleg; Ohvril, Hanno

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00271-x

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…more aerosols in the stratosphere results in more scattering of radiation (Iqbal, 1983;Robock, 2000)), as well as with other studies (e.g. Hay and Darby, 1984;Dutton and Christy, 1992;Blumthaler and Ambach, 1994;Olmo et al, 1999).…”

Section: Mount Agungsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Hay and Darby, 1984;Dutton and Christy, 1992;Alados-Arboledas et al, 1997;Olmo et al, 1999). The reductions ranged between 4.7% (10.6 W m −2 ) at Keetmanshoop and 17.4% (29.5 W m −2 ) at Cape Town.…”

Section: Mount Agungmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Their net effect is to increase the planetary albedo and thereby reduce the amount of solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface (e.g. Dutton and Christy, 1992;Dutton et al, 1994;Alados-Arboledas et al, 1997;Olmo et al, 1999;Robock, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar radiation climate change over southern Africa and an assessment of the radiative impact of volcanic eruptions

Power

Mills²

2005

Int. J. Climatol.

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Spatial and temporal variability in global, diffuse, and horizontal direct irradiance and sunshine duration has been evaluated at eight stations in South Africa and two stations in Namibia where the time series range between 21 and 41 years. Global and direct irradiance and sunshine duration decrease from northwest to southeast; diffuse irradiance increases toward the east. Annually averaged global irradiance G a decreased between 1.3% (2.8 W m −2 ) and 1.7% (4.4 W m −2 ) per decade at Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Pretoria, and Upington. Annually averaged diffuse irradiance D a decreased 5.2% (3.0 W m −2 ) per decade at Grootfontein and 4.2% (3.1 W m −2 ) per decade at Port Elizabeth. Annual direct irradiance B a decreased 2.1% (3.5 W m −2 ) per decade at Cape Town and 2.8% (5.7 W m −2 ) per decade at Alexander Bay. A simultaneous decrease in annually averaged daily sunshine duration S a may have contributed to the decrease in B a at Alexander Bay and the decrease in G a at Pretoria. Increases in aerosols may have contributed to the observed decrease in G a at Cape Town and Durban, and the decrease in D a at Grootfontein may be due to a decrease in aerosols. On average, variability in S a explains 89.0%, 50.4%, and 89.5% of the variance in G a , D a , and B a respectively. The radiative response to changes in sunshine duration is greater for direct irradiance than for global and diffuse. In the 2 years following the 1963 Mount Agung eruption in Indonesia, changes in global irradiance over southern Africa were small and inconsistent. At eight stations, diffuse irradiance increased 21.9% (13.3 W m −2 ) on average and direct irradiance decreased 8.7% (15.5 W m −2 ). After the 1982 El Chichón eruption in Mexico, global irradiance increased at two stations and decreased at seven stations. Eight stations witnessed an increase in diffuse irradiance averaging 7.2% (4.0 W m −2 ) and a decrease in direct irradiance of 5.0% (9.0 W m −2 ). The contribution of changes in cloud cover to the observed changes in irradiances appears to be small. Following the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines, diffuse irradiance increased an average of 18.8% (10.0 W m −2 ) at three stations and direct irradiance decreased by 7.2% (13.0 W m −2 ).

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Section: Mount Agungsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Mount Agungmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Solar radiation climate change over southern Africa and an assessment of the radiative impact of volcanic eruptions

Power

Mills²

2005

Int. J. Climatol.

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“…After Pinatubo, the mean increase inβ m was 21%. Similar post-eruption trends in turbidity have been reported elsewhere in Europe, including: Athens, Greece, following the eruption of Mount Etna, in Sicily, in 1992 (Kambezidis et al, 1998); Madrid, Spain, where the aerosol optical depth increased approximately 11% following both El Chichón and Pinatubo (Olmo et al, 1999); and in Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (Blumthaler and Ambach, 1994), Almeria, Spain, and Tiirikoja, Estonia (Alados- Arboledas et al, 1997;Olmo et al, 1999) following the Pinatubo eruption. In the absence of these eruptions, the long-term decreases in turbidity described earlier would clearly have been larger.…”

Section: Germanysupporting

confidence: 79%

Comparison of aerosol and climate variability over Germany and South Africa

Power

Goyal

2003

Intl Journal of Climatology

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A radiation-based model is employed to evaluate seasonal, interannual, and spatial variability within monthly averaged turbidity (the total column amount of aerosol) at eight stations in South Africa and 13 stations in Germany. Germany has a strong seasonal turbidity trend of summer maxima and winter minima. In South Africa the seasonal turbidity trend is weaker, but, on average, turbidity peaks in spring and is lowest in autumn and winter. Over the last several decades, turbidity over Germany has decreased significantly at seven stations. The impacts of the El Chichón and Pinatubo volcanic eruptions are evident in the turbidity signatures over Germany. Four stations in South Africa show long-term trends in turbidity, but there is no consistent trend. Turbidity in Germany appears to be more influenced by aerosols of non-local origin than in South Africa, where the aerosol load may be of more local origin. Long-term monthly averages ofÅngström's turbidity coefficient β over Germany range between 0.019 and 0.143, and long-term annual averages range between 0.064 and 0.116. Over South Africa, turbidity is noticeably lower: long-term monthly averaged β ranges between 0.004 and 0.071, and the long-term annually averaged β ranges between 0.013 and 0.047. When averaged across all stations in each of the respective countries, turbidity is, on average, between 2.6 and 5.8 times higher in Germany than in South Africa, depending on the time of year.The climate of South Africa is clearly more humid than Germany, although both countries have strong seasonal trends in humidity. South Africa has become more humid over the last several decades. The decrease in turbidity at stations in Germany appears to be due to a reduction in aerosol emissions and/or changes in climatic factors other than humidity.

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“…Instrumental records showed attenuation of I dir , enhanced I diff and a peak global cooling of 0.4 K after the Pinatubo eruption (McCormick et al, 1995;Olmo et al, 1999). Given these observations, it is conceivable that changes to the relative amounts of I dir and I diff following major volcanic eruptions might alter the rate of canopy-scale isoprene emissions to the atmosphere, with potentially important consequences for the oxidative capacity of the troposphere (Telford et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Simulated effects of changes in direct and diffuse radiation on canopy scale isoprene emissions from vegetation following volcanic eruptions

2011

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Abstract. Volcanic eruptions can alter the quality of incoming solar irradiance reaching the Earth's surface thereby influencing the interactions between vegetation and the Earth system. Isoprene (C 5 H 8 ) is a biogenic volatile organic compound emitted from leaves at a rate that is strongly dependent on the received flux of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). We used a theoretical approach to investigate the potential for volcanic eruptions to change the isoprene flux from terrestrial forests using canopy-scale isoprene emission simulations that vary either the relative or absolute amount of diffuse (I diff ) and direct (I dir ) PAR. According to our simulations for a northern hardwood deciduous forest, if the total amount of PAR during summer remains constant while the proportion of I diff increases, canopy-scale isoprene emissions increase. This effect increases as leaf area index (LAI) increases. Simulating a decrease in the total amount of PAR, and a corresponding increase in I diff fraction, as measured during the 1992 Pinatubo eruption, changes daily total canopy-scale isoprene emissions from terrestrial vegetation in summertime by +2.8 % and −1.4 % for LAI of 6 and 2, respectively. These effects have not previously been realized or quantified. Better capturing the effects of volcanic eruptions (and other major perturbations to the atmospheric aerosol content) on isoprene emissions from the terrestrial biosphere, and hence on the chemistry of the atmosphere, therefore may require inclusion of the effects of aerosols they produce on climate and the quality of PAR.

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A comparison of ground level solar radiative effects of recent volcanic eruptions

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Solar radiation climate change over southern Africa and an assessment of the radiative impact of volcanic eruptions

Solar radiation climate change over southern Africa and an assessment of the radiative impact of volcanic eruptions

Comparison of aerosol and climate variability over Germany and South Africa

Simulated effects of changes in direct and diffuse radiation on canopy scale isoprene emissions from vegetation following volcanic eruptions

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