A comparison of growth of seedling and micropropagated Eucalyptus marginata (Jarrah) I. Early growth to 2 years

Bennett, I. J.; Tonkin, C; Wroth, M.; Davison, E. M.; McComb, J.

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(86)90048-4

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…It is difficult visually to estimate damage to roots of jarrah seedlings caused by P. cinnamomi, because the majority of lateral roots are less than 0-5 mm diameter (Bennett et al, 1986) and the tap roots are suberized. Several workers have used a plating method to measure root infection by Phytophthora spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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THE EFFECT OF WATERLOGGING ON INFECTION OF EUCALYPTUS MARGIN AT A SEEDLINGS BY PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI

Davison

Tay

1987

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThree-to four-month-old Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm. (jarrah) were grown in the glasshouse in peat/sand at 20 °C root temperature, infected with zoospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, added either 10 cm below the soil surface or flooded onto the soil, and various waterlogging regimes were imposed. When plants were infected but not waterlogged, the proportion of infected root length adjacent to the point where zoospores were added was low. More lesions were formed per metre root length on tap roots than on lateral roots, but lesions on lateral roots were longer than on tap roots. When plants were waterlogged for a 4 d period before the addition of zoospores, there was no increase in root infection. When plants were waterlogged at the same time or after the pots were inoculated, there was a significant increase in the proportion of root length infected. This was due to an increase in the number of lesions and not, in four of the five harvests, to an increase in lesion length.When inoculation and waterlogging were imposed at the same time, the increased number of infections was probably due both to the increased attraction of zoospores to anaerobically respiring roots and to increased zoospore motility in flooded soil. When waterlogging was imposed several days or weeks after the plants had been infected, the increased number of lesions was unlikely to have been due to residual zoospores in the soil, because their numbers declined exponentially. It was also unlikely to have been due to sporangia developing de novo on the roots after waterlogging had been imposed, because the Og concentration of the soil solution was inadequate. It is probable, therefore, that the new infections originated from zoospores liberated from sporangia already formed on lesions before waterlogging was imposed.When plants were infected but not waterlogged, there was no efl^ect on the leaf difl^usive resistance, leaf relative water content and shoot xylem pressure potential between 1 and 28 d. When plants were flooded, the daily water loss decreased more rapidly and plants died more rapidly in the inoculated and waterlogged treatments than in the treatments which were only waterlogged. Infection by P. cinnamomi did not aflf^ect the proportion of xylem vessels occluded with tyloses in seven of the eight unflooded, and seven of the eight flooded, comparisons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wetting curve for the soil mix and detailed methods are given in Bennett et al (1986) and Davison & Tay (1985). There was either one or four seedlings per pot.…”

Section: Glasshouse Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE EFFECT OF WATERLOGGING ON INFECTION OF EUCALYPTUS MARGIN AT A SEEDLINGS BY PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI

Davison

Tay

1987

New Phytologist

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“…In animal development, individual organs mature and senesce, while long-lived plants produce new modules in successive growing seasons whose behavior changes over time (maturation or phase change). For example, a Eucalyptus ramet, whose shoots grow vigorously and produce juvenile leaves (connate vs. petiolate, opposite and entire vs. alternate and dissected) and no flowers, is considered juvenile (Cameron 1970, Bennett et al 1986, Wiltshire et al 1991). If at least some shoots bear mature-form leaves and/or flowers and grow more slowly, the entire ramet is considered mature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Developmental Stream of Cottonwoods Affects Ramet Growth and Resistance to Galling Aphids

Kearsley¹,

Whitham²

1998

Ecology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecology. Abstract. We define the "developmental stream" of a plant as the gradient of increasingly mature phenotypes its shoots express over its lifetime. This pattern has important implications for studies of morphology, physiology, reproduction, and interactions with other organisms. Using cottonwoods, we test two major hypotheses about their developmental streams. First, within a tree, the developmental stage expressed by a shoot is dependent on its growth distance from the ground. Second, the distribution and fitness of Pemphigus betae, an aphid that is sensitive to host maturity, are positively related to increasingly mature shoot phenotypes within a tree. We show that the developmental variation in plant morphology and reproductive output within a tree are as great as that found among different-aged trees within a clone. In addition, we show that within-tree patterns of variation are stable from year to year and that P. betae responds to this variation by preferentially colonizing branches expressing more mature phenotypes. This pattern of branch selection is adaptive; aphids transferred to branches with shoots expressing mature phenotypes have expected fitnesses >80% higher than those transferred to branches expressing juvenile phenotypes.These findings have several general implications. First, a within-tree series of developmental stages provides a heritable mechanism for creating mosaics of variability in host quality within plants that create host selection problems for herbivores. Second, herbivores sensitive to developmental changes in their hosts will be concentrated in areas of high quality where they will be subject to the detrimental effects of competition, predation, and parasitism. Third, simulation models of plant growth based on the behavior of repeating plant parts (e.g., shoots) must be sensitive to developmental changes in these parts during plant development. Fourth, the developmental streams of plants may affect the evolution of such herbivore traits as territoriality, deme formation, and virulence. Fifth, the use of clonally propagated stock for the study of the genetic components of resistance to herbivory must be carried out with an understanding of the effects of host development on herbivores. Developmental processes in plants (ordered, directional changes in shoot behavior) have many causes, most of which are generalizable into two broad categories: ontogenetic and physiological mechanisms (Brink 1962, Fortanier and Jonkers 1976, Hood andLibby 1978, Huchison et al. 1990, Poethig 1990, Lawson and Poethig 1995). Ontogenetic changes arise from modificat...

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“…The soil was peat/sand, 3:1 by volume, adjusted to pH 6; field capacity was approximately -2 kPa, 60 % moisture content. A wetting curve for the soil and detailed methods are given in Bennett et al (1986). The soil for experiments 1 and 2 was unsterilized, but for experiments 3, 4 and 5 it was steamed for 2 h at 98 °C.…”

Section: Glasshouse Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE EFFECT OF WATERLOGGING ON SEEDLINGS OF EUCALYPTUS MARGINATA

Davison¹,

Tay

1985

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThree-to four-month-old Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm. (jarrah) were grown in the glasshouse in peat/sand at 20 °C root temperature, and either waterlogged continuously for up to 14 d, or waterlogged for a shorter time and then drained. During waterlogging, the Og concentration ofthe soil solution declined to less than 1 mg 1~* within 1 d. There was an increase in the resistance to water movement into or through the plant within 4 d of flooding the pots. The number of xylem vessels blocked by tyloses increased with the duration of flooding, and did not increase further when waterlogging ceased. The transpiration rate of plants continuously waterlogged and maintained in a dry atmosphere for 13d was closely correlated (r = -0-98) with the proportion of occluded vessels in the tap-root. The rate at which wilting developed depended on both the duration of waterlogging and the transpiration rate.

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A comparison of growth of seedling and micropropagated Eucalyptus marginata (Jarrah) I. Early growth to 2 years

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

THE EFFECT OF WATERLOGGING ON INFECTION OF EUCALYPTUS MARGIN AT A SEEDLINGS BY PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI

THE EFFECT OF WATERLOGGING ON INFECTION OF EUCALYPTUS MARGIN AT A SEEDLINGS BY PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI

The Developmental Stream of Cottonwoods Affects Ramet Growth and Resistance to Galling Aphids

THE EFFECT OF WATERLOGGING ON SEEDLINGS OF EUCALYPTUS MARGINATA

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