A comparison of HIV stigma and discrimination in five international sites: The influence of care and treatment resources in high prevalence settings

Maman, Suzanne; Abler, Laurie; Parker, Lauren; Lane, Tim; Chirowodza, Admire; Ntogwisangu, Jacob; Srirak, Namtip; Modiba, Precious; Murima, Oliver; Fritz, Katherine

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.04.002

Cited by 148 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Differences in the prevalence of HIV/ AIDS-related stigma and discrimination even within areas that seem to be similar in some aspects have been shown to depend on various factors. For example, Mamana, Abler, Parker, Lane, Chirowodza, Ntogwisangu, Srirak, Modiba, Murima & Fritz (2009) examined the influence of care and treatment resources on HIV-related stigma and discrimination in five high prevalence international sites. The authors (Maman et al, 2009) found that health and socio-economic resources that are designed to ease the impacts of HIV/AIDS were important determining factors of existence of stigma and discrimination in a particular setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma and Discrimination in Workplaces in Tanzania

Kassile¹,

Anicetus²,

Kukula³

2015

RWJour

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Background: Stigma and discrimination against people living with and affected by HIV/AIDS undermines the effectiveness of national efforts to prevent and control the HIV epidemic. In the context of Tanzania, evidence on the incidence of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination from the perspective of the employees and employers is limited. Objective: To provide an assessment of the pervasiveness of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in the workplace in Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional study, which employed both qualitative and quantitative techniques, was carried out. Some 181 employees from 23 workplaces participated in the study. Results: About 13% of the respondents reported existence of some forms of discrimination while about 16% of the respondents divulged existence of complaints on stigma for HIV/AIDS affected/infected employees in their workplaces. Stigma-related complaints varied between cities, public or private, nature of activity of workplace, and whether the employee had a member of the family who was living with HIV/AIDS (p<0.1). Conclusion: Effective strategies to end HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in the workplace should consider the context in which the strategies are to be implemented. HIV/AIDS-related education and availability of health and social supports to HIV/AIDS affected/infected employees could help lower self-stigma and discrimination among affected/infected employees in the workplaces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma and Discrimination in Workplaces in Tanzania

Kassile¹,

Anicetus²,

Kukula³

2015

RWJour

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“…Our data shows that the association with promiscuity is what causes blame because of the assumed bad behavior. The linking of blame to immoral behaviour was also similarly reported in a multi-country study of Zimbabwe, South Africa, Tanzania and Thailand, in which participants from Tanzania and Zimbabwe felt that PLWHA deserved what they got in terms of being punished for their reckless behavior (Maman et al, 2009). In our study, participants often assigned blame to PLWHA without bothering to find out the cause of infection with HIV/AIDS of the person.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Societal Beliefs and Reactions About People Living with HIV/AIDS

Mbonu¹,

Borne²,

Vries³

2011

Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Their Ramifications

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“…They fear HIV testing , have a poor understanding of HIV and ART, and sometimes families choose to visit traditional healers or the church before the clinics. 9,17,19,28 If a mother tests HIV-positive her initial reactions may include anxiety, fear, disbelief and worry, and it may take her some time to accept her diagnosis. 29,30 The association of poor attendance with the mother as the primary caregiver suggests that the mother herself could be sick from HIV or struggling to accept and disclose her own status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How children access antiretroviral treatment at Kgapane District Hospital, Limpopo, South Africa

Railton

Mash

2012

South African Family Practice

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Background: At Kgapane Hospital, Limpopo Province, only 20% of eligible children initiated antiretroviral treatment (ART) in 2007. The aim of this study was to improve the ART programme by assessing how children were accessing ART, and to explore the factors that facilitate or obstruct this access.Method: Mixed methods were used in a descriptive study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children admitted to the hospital over a seven-month period and their caregivers. Children's subsequent attendance for ART was tracked and caregivers were interviewed about factors influencing access and attendance.Results: Of 132 children initially admitted, 14 (10.6%) subsequently died and 13 (9.8%) relocated. Sixty of the remaining 105 (57.1%) returned within one month to the antiretroviral clinic, three (2.9%) attended later and 42 (40.0%) did not return at all. Quantitative data associated with poor attendance were younger age, higher CD4 count, maternal caregiver, no income and participation in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission program. Qualitative factors included a lack of money for transport, poor social support, and mothers who struggled to accept their diagnosis, had poor understanding of HIV and strong traditional beliefs. Primary care providers delayed HIV testing and referral, displayed poor attitudes, and were insufficient in number. Quantitative factors significantly associated with good attendance were prior knowledge of the child/mother's HIV status, mother's ART treatment and referral to the dietician. Conclusion:There are serious deficiencies in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HIV in children. Factors were identified to improve health services and these highlight the need for broader strategies aimed at addressing poverty, stigma and education.Peer reviewed.

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A comparison of HIV stigma and discrimination in five international sites: The influence of care and treatment resources in high prevalence settings

Cited by 148 publications

References 35 publications

HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma and Discrimination in Workplaces in Tanzania

HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma and Discrimination in Workplaces in Tanzania

Societal Beliefs and Reactions About People Living with HIV/AIDS

How children access antiretroviral treatment at Kgapane District Hospital, Limpopo, South Africa

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