A Comparison of HIV Stigma and Disclosure Patterns Between Older and Younger Adults Living with HIV/AIDS

Emlet, Charles A.

doi:10.1089/apc.2006.20.350

Cited by 175 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, many of the items in the Berger scale load on multiple factors, which indicates poor item discrimination, suggesting that the subscales that are not measuring unique and separate domains of stigma. A brief measure of HIV-related stigma developed by Sowell et al (Sowell et al, 1997) has also been adapted for use in recent studies (Emlet, 2006;Newman et al, 2006;Wight et al, 2006). While the Sowell measure used focus groups to inform item development, the scale has not been psychometrically evaluated in samples of women or heterosexual men .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Multidimensional Measure of Internalized HIV Stigma in a Sample of HIV-positive Adults

Sayles¹,

Hays

Sarkisian³

et al. 2008

AIDS Behav

170

153

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There is a need for a psychometrically sound measure of the stigma experienced by diverse persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a multidimentional measure of internalized HIV stigma that captures stigma related to treatment and other aspects of the disease among sociodemographically diverse PLHA. We developed a 28-item measure of internalized HIV stigma composed of four scales based on previous qualitative work. Internal consistency reliability estimates in a sample of 202 PLHA was 0.93 for the overall measure, and exceeded 0.85 for three of the four stigma scales. Items discriminated well across scales, and correlations of the scales with shame, social support, and mental health supported construct validity. This measure should prove useful to investigators examining in the role of stigma in HIV treatment and health outcomes, and evaluating interventions designed to mitigate the impacts of stigma on PLHA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Multidimensional Measure of Internalized HIV Stigma in a Sample of HIV-positive Adults

Sayles¹,

Hays

Sarkisian³

et al. 2008

AIDS Behav

170

153

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“…Emlet, 2006;Skogmar et al, 2006). However, a common analytical choice is to add up positive answers to obtain a total score representing the extent of disclosure (e.g., Armistead et al, 1999;Emlet, 2006;Wohl et al, 2011), or merge them into a dichotomous variable assessing whether the person disclosed to no one versus to at least one person (Nachega et al, 2012;Wohl et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing methodology in the study of HIV status disclosure: The importance of considering disclosure target and intent

Dima

Stutterheim

Lyimo

et al. 2014

Social Science & Medicine

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Advancing methodology in the study of HIV status disclosure: The importance of considering disclosure target and intent Dima, A.L.; Stutterheim, S.E.; Lyimo, R.; de Bruin, M. General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Acknowledgements:The authors appreciatively acknowledge the financial assistance from RVVZ from the Netherlands, the participation of PLWH in our target group, and the cooperation of the management in the ART clinics where we conducted the study. Abstract:Disclosure of HIV status has been the focus of three decades of research, which have revealed its complex relations to many behaviors involved in HIV prevention and treatment, and exposed its central role in managing the HIV epidemic. The causes and consequences of disclosure acts have recently been the subject of several theoretical models. Although it is acknowledged that individual disclosure events are part of a broader process of disclosing one's HIV status to an increasing number of people, this process has received less theoretical attention. In quantitative studies of disclosure, researchers have often implicitly assumed that disclosure is a single unidimensional process appropriately measured via the total number of one's disclosure acts. However, there is also evidence that disclosure may have different causes and consequences depending on the types of actors involved (e.g. family members, friends) and on the presence or absence of the discloser's intention, suggesting that the unidimensionality assumption may not hold. We quantitatively examined the dimensionality of voluntary and involuntary disclosure to different categories of actors, using data collected via structured interviews in the spring of 2010 from 158 people living with HIV in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. For voluntary disclosure, nonparametric item response analyses identified two multi-category clusters, family and community, and two single-category dimensions, partner and children. Involuntary disclosure consisted of several single-or twocategory dimensions. Correlation analyses between the resulting disclosure dimensions and stigma and social support revealed distinct relationships for each disclosure dimension. Our results suggest that treating disclosure as a unidimensional construct is a simplification of disclosure...

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“…5 In the USA, the number of cases in this group quintupled from 1990 to 2001. 6 Given the findings in the USA and that AIDS may be an important cause of death and a potentially stigmatizing disease among the elderly, 7 we have analyzed the epidemic pattern in this segment of the Brazilian population, in order to assess the risk factors and behaviors contributing to the transmission of HIV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological aspects of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in older Brazilians: a comparative approach

Carvalho¹,

Câmara²

2012

Braz J Infect Dis

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OBJECTIVES: To compare epidemiological aspects of young (15 to 49 years old) and older (more than 50 years old) AIDS patients. METHODS: We analyzed 511,633 AIDS cases notified to the Brazilian Ministry of Health in the period of 1980-2008 looking at sex, age ranges, educational level and exposure category. Patients were divided into three age groups: under 15, from 15 to 49 and over 50 years old. Using a comparative approach, we analyzed data with regard to category of exposure, education (expressed in years of schooling), and sex ratio among younger (15-49) and older adults (over 50 years old). Time series data were log-transformed and normalized, and the temporal trend was evaluated. RESULTS: AIDS incidence is increasing among people over 50 years old in Brazil, with those older than 50 being responsible for 9.64 % of AIDS cases. There was no significant difference between educational level and gender (p = 0.468), but there was a significant difference in exposure category with a lower proportion of injecting drug users amongst the older group. CONCLUSION: Based on this analysis over the last 10 years, the percentage of AIDS cases has increased almost three times among people over 50 years old when compared with the 15-49 year-old group. Our findings suggest that public campaigns have to be specially targeted to the older segment of the population, aiming at heterosexual transmission

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A Comparison of HIV Stigma and Disclosure Patterns Between Older and Younger Adults Living with HIV/AIDS

Cited by 175 publications

References 28 publications

Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Multidimensional Measure of Internalized HIV Stigma in a Sample of HIV-positive Adults

Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Multidimensional Measure of Internalized HIV Stigma in a Sample of HIV-positive Adults

Advancing methodology in the study of HIV status disclosure: The importance of considering disclosure target and intent

Epidemiological aspects of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in older Brazilians: a comparative approach

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