A comparison of latewood pits, fibril orientation, and shrinkage of normal and compression wood of giant sequoia

Cockrell, Robert A.

doi:10.1007/bf00352023

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Under dry conditions, pod walls shrink and curl in a vertical plane perpendicular to the axis of fiber direction (21) (Fig. S1C), analogous to wood (22) and bittercress (3). Dehydration over the threshold leads to pod dehiscence when sutures dig inward (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular basis of a shattering resistance boosting global dissemination of soybean

Funatsuki

Suzuki

Hirose

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

223

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Pod dehiscence (shattering) is essential for the propagation of wild plant species bearing seeds in pods but is a major cause of yield loss in legume and crucifer crops. Although natural genetic variation in pod dehiscence has been, and will be, useful for plant breeding, little is known about the molecular genetic basis of shattering resistance in crops. Therefore, we performed map-based cloning to unveil a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling pod dehiscence in soybean. Fine mapping and complementation testing revealed that the QTL encodes a dirigent-like protein, designated as Pdh1. The gene for the shattering-resistant genotype, pdh1, was defective, having a premature stop codon. The functional gene, Pdh1, was highly expressed in the lignin-rich inner sclerenchyma of pod walls, especially at the stage of initiation in lignin deposition. Comparisons of near-isogenic lines indicated that Pdh1 promotes pod dehiscence by increasing the torsion of dried pod walls, which serves as a driving force for pod dehiscence under low humidity. A survey of soybean germplasm revealed that pdh1 was frequently detected in landraces from semiarid regions and has been extensively used for breeding in North America, the world's leading soybean producer. These findings point to a new mechanism for pod dehiscence involving the dirigent protein family and suggest that pdh1 has played a crucial role in the global expansion of soybean cultivation. Furthermore, the orthologs of pdh1, or genes with the same role, will possibly be useful for crop improvement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular basis of a shattering resistance boosting global dissemination of soybean

Funatsuki

Suzuki

Hirose

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

223

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“…While there are many techniques for measuring the microfibril orientation either in the S2 layer or as an average of the entire secondary wall, (Kantola and Kähkönen 1963;Cave 1966;Manwiller 1966;Page 1969;Cousins 1972;Cockrell 1974;Leney 1981;Senft and Bendtsen 1985;Abe et al 1991;Donaldson 1991;Kataoka et al 1992;Jakob et al 1994;Huang 1995;Batchelor et al 1997;Evans 1998;Ye and Sundström 1997;Huang et al 1998;Jang 1998;Lichtenegger et al 1998;Anagnost et al 2000;Long et al 2000;Evans and Ilic 2001;Khalili et al 2001;Wang et al 2001;Bergander et al 2002) there have been relatively few recent studies reporting microfibril orientation for S1 and S3 layers, describing any variation among cells or with position in the tree. Early studies using light microscopy and X-ray diffraction suggested that microfibrils in the S1 and S3 layers are oriented at large angles to the fibre axis (Lüdtke 1931;Kerr and Bailey 1934;Preston 1934;Bailey and Kerr 1935;Bailey and Vestal 1937;Harada et al 1951;Bucher 1957;Mark 1965;Tang 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfibril orientation across the secondary cell wall of Radiata pine tracheids

Donaldson

2005

Trees

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Polarised light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to measure the variation in cellulose microfibril orientation across the secondary cell wall of Pinus radiata D. Don tracheids using oblique sections. Variations in orientation for the S1, S2 and S3 layers were determined for radial and tangential cell walls from the juvenile and mature earlywood at the base of the stem and at 5 m height. Microfibrils in the S1 layer are usually arranged in an S-helix (>90 • ) varying from 79 • to 117 • among tracheids. Within individual tracheids the microfibril orientation in the S1 region can be quite variable, sometimes changing from an S to Z-helix but without a well-defined crossed structure. Microfibrils in the S2 layer form a Z-helix (<90 • ) with average orientation varying from 1 • to 59 • among tracheids, while the S3 layer is also often a Z-helix varying from 50 • to113 • in orientation. The S2 layer shows significant variation among sample points within the tree related to age and height, while the S1 and S3 layers show small random variations within the tree. Microfibril orientation in the S2 layer is very uniform, although when variation does occur the trend is exclusively for an increase towards the S1 region. Orientation in the S3 layer often varies continuously from the S2 boundary to the lumen. The S3 layer becomes much thinner with increasing age and height, making measurement by light microscopy more difficult. The innermost lamellae of microfibrils at the lumen surface sometimes show a distinctive clustering, forming macrofibrils of varying orientation but this may be the result of delignification treatment.L. Donaldson ( ) Forest Research, Private Bag 3020,

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“…It is known that the micro®bril angle in wood in¯uences the properties of wood and wood ®bres (Watson and Dadswell 1964;Page 1969;Cockrell 1974;Bendtsen and Senft 1986;Cown 1992;Cave and Walker 1994;Megraw et al 1998;Navi 1998) and is thus important for most types of wood products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of soft rot fungi for determining the microfibrillar orientation in the S2 layer of pine tracheids

Khalili

Nilsson

Daniel

2001

Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff

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A comparison of latewood pits, fibril orientation, and shrinkage of normal and compression wood of giant sequoia

Cited by 27 publications

References 2 publications

Molecular basis of a shattering resistance boosting global dissemination of soybean

Molecular basis of a shattering resistance boosting global dissemination of soybean

Microfibril orientation across the secondary cell wall of Radiata pine tracheids

The use of soft rot fungi for determining the microfibrillar orientation in the S2 layer of pine tracheids

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