A comparison of load balancing techniques for scalable Web servers

Bryhni, Haakon; Klovning, Espen; Kure, Øivind

doi:10.1109/65.855480

Cited by 148 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A traditional method for defining the load of a node in a distributed system is to measure how much service load it carries. The common service load metrics include service query rate, service time, number of active sessions, or total amount of transmitted bytes (Cardellini et al 1999, Bryhni et al 2000. These metrics can be used alone or together with other metrics.…”

Section: Load Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy-efficient peer-to-peer networking for constrained-capacity mobile environments

Harjula

Ojala

Ylianttila

2017

2017 IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network and Service Management (IM)

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Energy efficiency is a powerful measure for promoting sustainability in technological evolution and ensuring feasible battery life of end-user devices in mobile computing. Peer-to-peer technology provides decentralized and self-organizing architecture for distributing content between devices in networks that scale up almost infinitely. However, peer-to-peer networking may require lots of resources from peer nodes, which in turn may lead to increased energy consumption on mobile devices. For this reason, peer-to-peer networking has so far been considered unfeasible for mobile environment.This thesis makes several contributions towards enabling energy-aware peer-to-peer networking in mobile environments. First, an empirical study is conducted to understand the energy consumption characteristics of radio interfaces and typical composition of traffic in structured peer-to-peer networks. This is done in order to identify the most essential obstacles for utilizing peer-to-peer technology in mobile environments. Second, the e-Aware model for estimating the energy consumption of a mobile device is developed and empirically verified to achieve 3-21% error in comparison to real-life measurements. Third, the e-Mon model for the energy-aware load monitoring of peer nodes is developed and demonstrated to improve the battery life of mobile peer nodes up to 470%. Fourth, the ADHT concept of mobile agent based virtual peers is proposed for sharing the peer responsibilities between peer nodes in a subnet so that they can participate in a peer-to-peer overlay without compromising their battery life.The results give valuable insight into implementing energy-efficient peer-to-peer systems in mobile environments. The e-Aware energy consumption model accelerates the development of energy-efficient networking solutions by reducing the need for time-consuming iterations between system development and evaluations with real-life networks and devices. The e-Mon load monitoring model facilitates the participation of battery-powered devices in peer-to-peer and other distributed networks by enabling energy-aware load balancing where energy-critical mobile nodes carry less load than other nodes. The ADHT facilitates the participation of constrained-capacity wireless devices, such as machine-to-machine nodes, in a peer-to-peer network by allowing them to sleep for most of their time.Keywords: battery life, constrained-capacity devices, energy-efficiency, green computing, internet of things, machine-to-machine networks, mobile networks, peer-topeer networks Harjula, Erkki, Energiatehokkaat vertaisverkkoratkaisut rajoitetun kapasiteetin mobiiliympäristöissä.Oulun yliopiston tutkijakoulu; Oulun yliopisto, Tieto-ja sähkötekniikan tiedekunta; Centre for Wireless Communications; Infotech Oulu Acta Univ. Oul. C 573, 2016 Oulun yliopisto, PL 8000, 90014 Oulun yliopisto TiivistelmäEnergiatehokkuus on kustannustehokas tapa vähentää päätelaitteiden käytön aiheuttamia kasvihuonepäästöjä sekä parantaa niiden akunkestoa. Vertaisverkkoteknologia ta...

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Section: Load Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bryhni et al (2000) have proposed a model where the round-trip time of a test request is used to measure a node's load. The round-trip mechanism is a useful way to detect overload of a node.…”

Section: Load Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-efficient peer-to-peer networking for constrained-capacity mobile environments

Harjula

Ojala

Ylianttila

2017

2017 IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network and Service Management (IM)

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“…Some techniques for load balancing (e.g., Weighted Round-Robin Scheduling and Weighted Least-Connection Scheduling) can be used within a group of peers [9] to internally distribute delegated tasks. The ManP2P tool uses the Weighted Round-Robin Scheduling algorithm to distribute the management load.…”

Section: Distributing Management Tasks Using Groups Of Peersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing computer networks using peer-to-peer technologies

et al. 2005

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“…Depending on the locations where request distributions happen, these researches are classified into client-based, DNS (Domain Name Server)-based, dispatcher-based, and server-based by [5,4,14,15]. Since current Http protocol is stateless, each request is routed independently to a web server [4]. All of the above researches assume that requests can be independently route to different servers, where as in the application servers of ESs, requests from the same users have to be routed to the same server.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile Oriented User Distributions in Enterprise Systems with Clustering

Hsu

Ting

2004

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. As enterprises world-wide racing to embrace real-time management to improve productivities, customer services, and flexibility, many resources have been invested in enterprise systems (ESs).All modern ESs adopt an n-tier client-server architecture that includes several application servers to hold users and applications. As in any other multiserver environments, the load distributions, and user distributions in particular, becomes a critical issue in tuning system performances. Although n-tier architecture may involve web servers, no literatures in Distributed Web Server Architectures have considered the effects of distributing users instead of individual requests to servers. The algorithm proposed in this paper return specific suggestions, including explicit user distributions, the number of servers needed, the similarity of user requests in each server. The paper also discusses how to apply the knowledge of past patterns to allocate new users, who have no request patterns, in a hybrid dispatching program.

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A comparison of load balancing techniques for scalable Web servers

Cited by 148 publications

References 3 publications

Energy-efficient peer-to-peer networking for constrained-capacity mobile environments

Energy-efficient peer-to-peer networking for constrained-capacity mobile environments

Managing computer networks using peer-to-peer technologies

Profile Oriented User Distributions in Enterprise Systems with Clustering

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