A Comparison of Marine Pilots' Planning and Manoeuvring Skills: Uncovering Mental Models to Assess Shiphandling and Explore Expertise

Orlandi, Luca; Brooks, Benjamin; Bowles, Marcus

doi:10.1017/s0373463315000260

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This human control is also a complicated, often not optimal process, and as such is subject to some randomness. Progress has been made in the research methodology of this field over the decades [10,11]. With the computer revolution and progress in the knowledge of ship manoeuvring hydrodynamics, an FMBS has been widely introduced to studies aimed at the harbour and waterway design or improvement of operational performance of ship and crew.…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Savings by Optimization of Thrusters Allocation during Complex Ship Manoeuvres

Artyszuk

Zalewski

2021

Energies

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The International Maritime Organization adopted a strategy to reduce the total annual GHG emissions from international shipping by at least 50% by 2050, compared to 2008 levels. The European Union proposed an even farther reaching transformation: the European Commission adopted a set of proposals to make the EU’s transport policies fit for reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels. Therefore, all industrial actions in line and consistent with these strategies are essential. One of such activities may be a gradual transition from the most common independent controls of transport ships’ thrusters, propellers, and rudders to an integrated, power optimized, 3 degrees of freedom joystick control. In this paper, the full mission bridge simulator (FMBS) research on potential energy savings and, consequently, a GHG emission reduction, while steering a RoPax twin-screw ferry equipped with bow thrusters by a joystick control, is presented. The task of navigators engaged in the research was to steer the vessel either via classic engine, rudder, and thruster levers or via a joystick while (1) following the predefined straight track, (2) rotating at the turning area, and (3), finally, crabbing (moving sideways) until stopping at the quay fenders. The conclusions are that energy savings of approximately 10% can be expected for berthing manoeuvres controlled by a joystick, compared to independent actuators’ controls. These conclusions have been drawn from a statistical analysis of the ship’s energy consumption during typical manoeuvring phases of 18 berthing operations performed in FMBS.

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Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Savings by Optimization of Thrusters Allocation during Complex Ship Manoeuvres

Artyszuk

Zalewski

2021

Energies

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“…Darbra et al, 2007;Bruno and Lützhöft, 2009;Lahtinen et al, 2020), only a limited number of studies have explored task design, knowledge and expertise in this domain (e.g. Orlandi, Brooks and Bowles, 2015;Butler, Read and Salmon, 2022). Therefore, little is known about what characterizes expertise and expert knowledge within this domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA) of marine piloting in a Swedish Context

Berlin¹,

Praetorius²

2023

Human Factors in Transportation

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Modern-day marine pilots are a competent and experienced workforce. They are highly skilled navigators that support the merchant fleet in transiting through challenging sea areas and rivers, as well as in the navigation in and out of ports. In this study, Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA) was used to pursue a deeper understanding of expertise and tacit or procedural knowledge that experts rely on and exhibit, mostly in safety-critical situations. ACTA is a structured interview method, which relies on three distinct phases: a task diagram, a knowledge audit and a simulation interview. In this article, results from the first two interview steps are presented to show the intricate complexity of pilotage and building blocks of expertise within marine pilotage. A total of eight experienced pilots from two different port areas in Sweden were interviewed. The results show that there are large differences in how pilotage is conducted in the two areas with regards to both tasks, knowledge and understanding of the service as such. Further, despite recognizing maneuvering as cognitively demanding, the pilots emphasized social skills and learning on the job as key elements of expertise. Conclusions drawn from the ACTA structure highlight the mentally and socially complex task that piloting is, and that the pilots use great discernment and acuity when processing verbal and non-verbal input, as well as physical human and vessel movements.

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“…In particular, human factor specialists work in these two fields addressing issues concerning the relationship between humans and technology, such as simulators (Lützhöft et al 2017). Related to these two areas, studies in the maritime domain can be found in a variety subjects, such as organizational studies of marine operations (Weick 1987) and assessment of technology (Lützhöft et al 2010a, b;Nilsson et al 2008Nilsson et al , 2009Orlandi et al 2015). Through the study of these issues as they pertain to organizations, researchers aim to determine ways to train humans to be reliable assets for an organization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Sense of Maritime Simulators Use: A Multiple Case Study in Norway

2020

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This paper reports a multiple case study of a training center collaboration with three offshore companies and a coastline authority. Through a qualitative inquiry, we utilized the actor-network theory to analyze the common understanding of simulator use in these organizations. The paper argues that the simulator itself is an actor that can integrate shared interests with other actors to establish an actor-network. Such an actor-network expands simulator use beyond purely training purposes. It advocates that the simulator is a medium between maritime academia and industry and aligns it with the same actor-network to facilitate the process of "meaning construction." Such a meaning construction process offers simulator-based training with a valuable definition of the learning outcomes. It helps clarifying who will gain the benefits from simulator use in the future, as well as when and on what basis. The paper also reflects on the benefits and limitations of utilizing a multiple case study in the maritime domain.

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A Comparison of Marine Pilots' Planning and Manoeuvring Skills: Uncovering Mental Models to Assess Shiphandling and Explore Expertise

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Energy Savings by Optimization of Thrusters Allocation during Complex Ship Manoeuvres

Energy Savings by Optimization of Thrusters Allocation during Complex Ship Manoeuvres

Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA) of marine piloting in a Swedish Context

Making Sense of Maritime Simulators Use: A Multiple Case Study in Norway

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