A comparison of mechanical characteristics among <scp>Setaria viridis</scp> var. <scp>minor</scp>, <scp>Setaria italica</scp>, and <scp>Setaria</scp> × <scp>pycnocoma</scp> species of the family Poaceae

Shiba, Masayuki; Sato, Ryosuke; Fukuda, Tatsuya

doi:10.1111/1442-1984.12435

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 66 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, in the case of real foxtail millet plants, although direct data on the Young’s modulus of the bristles could not be found, we instead found the Young’s modulus of the stem, which is approximately 8460 MPa [ 25 ]. In this case, as the Young’s modulus is higher than that of PLA, the stiffness of the bristles would increase, potentially leading to an increase in frictional anisotropy.…”

Section: Bristle Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Analysis of the Locomotion Mechanism in Foxtail Robots: Frictional Anisotropy and Bristle Diversity

Lee,

Jeong,

Kim

et al. 2024

Biomimetics

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This study investigated the locomotion mechanism of foxtail robots, focusing on the frictional anisotropy of tilted bristles under the same friction coefficient and propulsion strategy using bristle diversity. Through dynamic analysis and simulations, we confirmed the frictional anisotropy of tilted bristles and elucidated the role of bristle diversity in generating propulsive force. The interaction between contact nonuniformity and frictional anisotropy was identified as the core principle enabling foxtail locomotion. Simulations of foxtail robots with multiple bristles demonstrated that variations in bristle length, angle, and deformation contribute to propulsive force generation and environmental adaptability. In addition, this study analyzed the influence of major design parameters on frictional anisotropy, highlighting the critical roles of body height, bristle length, stiffness, reference angle, and friction coefficient. The proposed guidelines for designing foxtail robots emphasize securing bristle nonuniformity and inducing contact nonuniformity. The simulation framework presented enables the quantitative prediction and optimization of foxtail robot performance. This research provides valuable insights into foxtail robot locomotion and lays a foundation for the development of efficient and adaptive next-generation robots for diverse environments.

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Section: Bristle Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Analysis of the Locomotion Mechanism in Foxtail Robots: Frictional Anisotropy and Bristle Diversity

Lee,

Jeong,

Kim

et al. 2024

Biomimetics

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Impact on the scape of Farfugium japonicum var. japonicum (Asteraceae) under strong wind conditions based on morphological and mechanical analyses

Shiba,

Arihara,

Harada

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Adaptation of Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam. var. japonicum (Asteraceae) to the strong wind environment of coastal areas has been shown to reduce lamina size and shorten petioles; however, their effects on other traits of this species remain unknown. Our morphological analyses showed that shortening of the scape of this species is correlated with shortening of the petiole in coastal areas. The results suggested that when the height of the scapes became higher than that of the petioles, the wind stress on the scapes became stronger and their growth was suppressed. Therefore, the populations in coastal areas with strong winds had significantly shorter scapes than inland populations, and the height of petioles and scapes in the coastal populations were correlated. Further mechanical analysis by three-point bending tests revealed that the scapes had higher strength than the petioles. This species is evergreen and can produce new leaves regardless of the season, even if it loses its leaves by strong winds; however, because scapes only develop above ground for a limited period of the year, the loss of the scapes by strong winds has a significant impact on reproduction in that year. Therefore, even though the scapes were stronger than the petiole, shortening the scapes plays an important role in reducing strong wind stress in coastal areas.

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Decrease in wind stress leads to an increase in the above ground morphology and number of seeds of an invasive alien species, Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae)

Shiba,

Kobayashi,

Harada

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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We conducted comparative analyses using an open-top chamber (OTC) to reduce wind stress to clarify the impact of decreased wind stress on the invasive species Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae), which ranks among the worst 100 species on the Invasive Alien Species List in Japan. Morphological analyses revealed that the number and size of leaves in the OTC group were significantly higher than those in the control group (wind). There was also a significantly higher investment in stems in the former than in the latter. No significant differences were observed in root dry mass; however, the resource allocation ratio to the roots was significantly higher in the wind group than in the OTC group. Although the total seed mass was greater in the OTC group, there were no significant differences in the ratio of resource allocation to seeds between the groups, and no significant differences were observed in the mass of each seed. However, the number of seeds was significantly higher in the OTC group. Adaptive changes in the leaves, stems, and roots to avoid and/or resist wind were reflected in differences in the number of seeds. In addition, a decrease in wind stress contributed to an increase in the number of seeds in B. pilosa. Such mechanisms are likely widespread because B. pilosa is often highly abundant in urban systems.

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A comparison of mechanical characteristics among Setaria viridis var. minor, Setaria italica, and Setaria × pycnocoma species of the family Poaceae

Cited by 4 publications

References 66 publications

Dynamic Analysis of the Locomotion Mechanism in Foxtail Robots: Frictional Anisotropy and Bristle Diversity

Dynamic Analysis of the Locomotion Mechanism in Foxtail Robots: Frictional Anisotropy and Bristle Diversity

Impact on the scape of Farfugium japonicum var. japonicum (Asteraceae) under strong wind conditions based on morphological and mechanical analyses

Decrease in wind stress leads to an increase in the above ground morphology and number of seeds of an invasive alien species, Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae)

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