A comparison of methanogens of different regions of the equine hindgut

Murru, Francesca; Fliegerová, K.; Mura, Erica; Mrázek, Jakub; Kopečný, J.; Moniello, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.08.009

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It is known and published that methanogens colonize the gastrointestinal tract of certain mammals, particularly herbivorous ones [35]. Most methanogens identified in mammals belong to the phylum Euryarchaeota, with a high percentage of the species M. smithii [36], a species being the most prevalent one in humans [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain mammals (cow, sheep, donkey, horse, cat, pig, rabbit, rat, rhinoceros, baboon, monkey, and hippopotamus); birds (goose, turkey, and chicken) and insects (termites) are acknowledged to harbor digestive tract methanogens, and M. smithii in particular has already been detected from bovine and also from Wistar rats [21,22,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. In this study, we aimed to expand the spectrum of animals that could be sources of methanogens for humans, by exploring methanogen carriage in animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Methanogens in Animals’ Gut

2020

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Methanogens are members of anaerobe microbiota of the digestive tract of mammals, including humans. However, the sources, modes of acquisition, and dynamics of digestive tract methanogens remain poorly investigated. In this study, we aimed to expand the spectrum of animals that could be sources of methanogens for humans by exploring methanogen carriage in animals. We used real-time PCR, PCR-sequencing, and multispacer sequence typing to investigate the presence of methanogens in 407 fecal specimens collected from nine different mammalian species investigated here. While all the negative controls remained negative, we obtained by PCR-sequencing seven different species of methanogens, of which three (Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanobrevibacter millerae and Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis) are known to be part of the methanogens present in the human digestive tract. M. smithii was found in 24 cases, including 12/24 (50%) in pigs, 6/24 (25%) in dogs, 4/24 (16.66%) in cats, and 1/24 (4.16%) in both sheep and horses. Genotyping these 24 M. smithii revealed five different genotypes, all known in humans. Our results are fairly representative of the methanogen community present in the digestive tract of certain animals domesticated by humans, and other future studies must be done to try to cultivate methanogens here detected by molecular biology to better understand the dynamics of methanogens in animals and also the likely acquisition of methanogens in humans through direct contact with these animals or through consumption of the meat and/or milk of certain animals, in particular cows.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Methanogens in Animals’ Gut

2020

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“…Twelve of our metagenomic species that could be assigned only to the level of family fell into ten clusters (delineated at 60% AAI) representing novel candidate genera from seven different families (S6 Table ). The archaeal genus Methanocorpusculum is thought to play a role in methane production in the equine gut (78). Here, we have delineated a novel species from this ecosystem: Candidatus Methanocorpusculum equi.…”

Section: Over a Hundred Newly Named Bacterial Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic investigation of the equine faecal microbiome reveals extensive taxonomic and functional diversity

Gilroy

Ray

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundThe horse plays crucial roles across the globe, including in horseracing, as a working and companion animal and as a food animal. The horse hindgut microbiome makes a key contribution in turning a high fiber diet into body mass and horsepower. However, despite its importance, the horse hindgut microbiome remains largely undefined. Here, we applied culture-independent shotgun metagenomics to thoroughbred equine faecal samples to deliver novel insights into this complex microbial community.ResultsWe performed metagenomic sequencing on five equine faecal samples to construct 123 high- or medium-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from Bacteria and Archaea. In addition, we recovered nearly 200 bacteriophage genomes. We document surprising taxonomic and functional diversity, encompassing dozens of novel or unnamed bacterial genera and species, to which we have assigned new Candidatus names. Many of these genera are conserved across a range of mammalian gut microbiomes.ConclusionsOur metagenomic analyses provide new insights into the bacterial, archaeal and bacteriophage components of the horse gut microbiome. The resulting datasets provide a key resource for future high-resolution taxonomic and functional studies on the equine gut microbiome.

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“…Donkeys have evolved as free-grazing herbivores with a specialized and enlarged hindgut. The equine hindgut is mainly comprised of two fermentative compartments, the caecum and colon, which together account for two-thirds of the volume of donkey’s gastrointestinal tract [ 1 ]. Microbial fermentation of plant structural polysaccharides in donkey hindgut results in the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which are a major source of energy for the host [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fibrolytic Enzyme Profiles and the Composition of Fungal Communities in Donkey Cecum-Colon Ecosystem

Zhang¹,

Wang²,

Huang³

et al. 2022

Animals

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The fibrolytic enzymes and the hindgut fungi in donkey cecum-colon ecosystem play an important role in dietary fiber digestion. A better understanding of the fibrolytic enzyme profiles and the fungal community along donkey caecum and colon is key for optimizing hindgut function. In the present study, the fibrolytic enzyme activities within donkey caecum and colon were firstly measured by spectrophotometry. Activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, avicelase, xylanase, and acetyl esterase were greater in donkey dorsal colon than in caecum, indicating that the colon microorganisms may be more efficient in producing fibrolytic enzymes compared to caecum microbes. The fungal community composition along donkey hindgut was determined by sequencing ITS region using Illumina MiSeq. Three fungal phyla were identified by sequence comparison: Ascomycota (66.8%–74.4%), Basidiomycota (21.6%–30.9%), and Neocallimastigomycota (0.9%–3.3%). The Aspergillus, Wallemia, Phanerochaete, Fusarium, and Penicillium were detected as the dominant genera, but their metabolic and functional significance in donkey cecum-colon ecosystem need further investigation. In terms of the anaerobic fungi Neocallimastigomycota, its abundance was greater in donkey colon than in caecum (p < 0.05), indicating that the donkey hindgut region was associated with differences in fungal community composition. Moreover, the relative abundance of enzymes related to plant cell wall degradation were predicted by PICRUSt, and they were also lower in caecum than in colon. The present study provided new information about fibrolytic enzyme profiles and fungal composition in donkey hindgut ecosystem.

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A comparison of methanogens of different regions of the equine hindgut

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Diversity of Methanogens in Animals’ Gut

Diversity of Methanogens in Animals’ Gut

Metagenomic investigation of the equine faecal microbiome reveals extensive taxonomic and functional diversity

The Fibrolytic Enzyme Profiles and the Composition of Fungal Communities in Donkey Cecum-Colon Ecosystem

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