A comparison of mitochondria from <i>Torulopsis utilis</i> grown in continous culture with glycerol, iron, ammonium, magnesium or phosphate as the growth-limiting nutrient

Light, P.Ann; Garland, P. B.

doi:10.1042/bj1240123

Cited by 74 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Initial cultures for inoculation of larger cultures were grown from the stock cultures in IOO ml glucose-yeast medium (Conti & Naylor, 1959) at 30 "C for 24 h, aerobically, with shaking. Larger scale cultures were made aerobically at 30 "C in 500 ml 0.5 yo (vlv) glycerol medium (Light & Garland, 1971) for C. utilis and I % (wlv) glucose medium (Mitchison, 1970) for Xpombe. The cells of C. utilis were harvested, by centrifuging, from the exponential phase of batch culture and they were then separated into size classes corresponding to stages of their life-cycle by the rate zonal centrifugation procedure of Poole, Lloyd & Kemp (1973).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of Mitochondria and Vacuoles of Candida utilis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Studied by Electron Microscopy of Serial Thin Sections and Model Building

Davison

Garland

1977

Journal of General Microbiology

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The structure of mitochondria and of vacuoles in Candida utilis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been studied by electron microscopy of serial thin sections and subsequent model building. The models of the two cells of C. utilis which were studied confirmed our earlier findings, made by high voltage electron microscopy of thick sections, that there is a single, branched and continuous mitochondrial network in the cell (Davison & Garland, 1975). A model of a S. pombe cell showed that the mitochondrial structure was far more continuous than expected from inspection of thin sections, there being but two large and two small mitochondria. The models demonstrated that the few large vacuoles in C. utilis were interconnected into a single cluster, whereas in S. pombe there were two separate complexes of interconnected vacuoles towards each pole of the cell.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of Mitochondria and Vacuoles of Candida utilis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Studied by Electron Microscopy of Serial Thin Sections and Model Building

Davison

Garland

1977

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…Thus the commercially available (Difco) W ickerham's medium (see Campbell, 1988), a defined medium for yeast described by Light & Garland (1971) used for metal-limitation studies in a chemostat, and a more recent description of 'GO' minimal medium for budding yeast (Rickwood et al, 1988) include no specific chelator. The relatively low pH of media for fungi would be expected to alleviate, in part, metal limitation.…”

Section: A Look At Growth Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal speciation and microbial growth--the hard (and soft) facts

Hughes

Poole

1991

Journal of General Microbiology

311

197

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“…These Figures may be used as points of reference for comparison with thick sections. They illustrate the cell and mitochondrial morphologies resulting from growth conditions that produce cells with well-documented alterations in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and associated energy conservation mechanisms (Garland, 1970;Light & Garland, 1971 ;Haddock & Garland, 1971 ;Light, 1972;Keyhani & Chance, 1971 ;Downie & Garland, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Structure Studied by High Voltage Electron Microscopy of Thick Sections of Candida utilis

Davison¹,

Garland²

1975

Journal of General Microbiology

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S U M M A R YMitochondria1 structure in yeast cells under various physiological conditions has been studied by high voltage electron microscopy of sections that are 0.5 to 2-0 pm thick. Such thick sections of the yeast Candida utilis had a small number of long, branched tubular mitochondria per cell. The mitochondria extended into cell buds and unseparated daughter cells. It was apparent from parallel studies with thin sections that most of the rounded mitochondrial profiles viewed in thin sections should not be interpreted as being numerous small individual mitochondria. Attempts to study thick sections of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizossaccharomyces pombe were frustrated by poor contrast. I N T R O D U C T I O NCopper deficiency in mice results in the appearance of giant mitochondria in the liver (Suzuki, 1969;Dallman & Goodman, 1970). Electron microscopy of thin (about 75 nm) sections of Candida utilis apparently showed, in addition, that copper deficiency caused replacement of numerous rounded mitochondria by a smaller number of much enlarged mitochondria, or giant mitochondria (Davison, Downie & Garland, 1972;Keyhani, 1973). However, yeast mitochondria can be tubular (Yotsuyanagi, 1955 ; Kawakami, 1961), and tubular mitochondria repeatedly crossing the plane of a thin section would appear as numerous individual mitochondrial profiles. Furthermore, if these tubular mitochondria then swelled, their appearance in thin section would reveal fewer but much larger mitochondrial profiles. To settle whether the typical mitochondrial morphology usually deduced from thin sections is in error, two techniques are available. One is serial sectioning and reconstruction by model building, and was used to demonstrate mitochondrial morphology in yeasts by Keddie & Barajas (1969), who reported that there were only one to four large branched mitochondria per cell. The other technique is high voltage electron microscopy (h.v.e.m.) of thick sections. We have used this latter method for studying the mitochondrial morphology of the yeast C. utilis. It is concluded that inspection of single thin sections leads to quite erroneous interpretations of mitochondrial size and number. Examination of thick sections by h.v.e.m. provides a simpler and faster method of inspecting mitochondrial morphology than does serial sectioning, and permits many samples to be studied. We describe our experience with this technique. A preliminary report has been published (Davison & Garland, 1974). We also describe the effects of copper and other nutrient limitations on the electron microscopic appearance of C. utilis.

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A comparison of mitochondria from Torulopsis utilis grown in continous culture with glycerol, iron, ammonium, magnesium or phosphate as the growth-limiting nutrient

Cited by 74 publications

References 45 publications

Structure of Mitochondria and Vacuoles of Candida utilis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Studied by Electron Microscopy of Serial Thin Sections and Model Building

Structure of Mitochondria and Vacuoles of Candida utilis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Studied by Electron Microscopy of Serial Thin Sections and Model Building

Metal speciation and microbial growth--the hard (and soft) facts

Mitochondrial Structure Studied by High Voltage Electron Microscopy of Thick Sections of Candida utilis

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