A comparison of mosquito densities, weather and infection rates of <scp><i>Aedes aegypti</i></scp> during the first epidemics of Chikungunya (2014) and Zika (2016) in areas with and without vector control in Puerto Rico

Barrera, Roberto; Amador, Manuel; Acevedo, Verónica; Beltrán, Manuela; Muñoz, Jorge L.

doi:10.1111/mve.12338

Cited by 34 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Reported rates of arboviruses in Aedes vectors are generally very low (0.1-10%) even in high transmission areas (e.g. [88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95]). Thus, failure to detect arboviruses within the relatively small sample size of vectors tested here (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mosquito electrocuting trap as an exposure-free method for measuring human-biting rates by Aedes mosquito vectors

et al. 2020

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Background: Entomological monitoring of Aedes vectors has largely relied on surveillance of larvae, pupae and non-host-seeking adults, which have been poorly correlated with human disease incidence. Exposure to mosquitoborne diseases can be more directly estimated using human landing catches (HLC), although this method is not recommended for Aedes-borne arboviruses. We evaluated a new method previously tested with malaria vectors, the mosquito electrocuting trap (MET) as an exposure-free alternative for measuring landing rates of Aedes mosquitoes on people. Aims were to (i) compare the MET to the BG-sentinel (BGS) trap gold standard approach for sampling hostseeking Aedes vectors; and (ii) characterize the diel activity of Aedes vectors and their association with microclimatic conditions. Methods: The study was conducted over 12 days in Quinindé (Ecuador) in May 2017. Mosquito sampling stations were set up in the peridomestic area of four houses. On each day of sampling, each house was allocated either a MET or a BGS trap, which were rotated amongst the four houses daily in a Latin square design. Mosquito abundance and microclimatic conditions were recorded hourly at each sampling station between 7:00-19:00 h to assess variation between vector abundance, trapping methods, and environmental conditions. All Aedes aegypti females were tested for the presence of Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. Results: A higher number of Ae. aegypti females were found in MET than in BGS collections, although no statistically significant differences in mean Ae. aegypti abundance between trapping methods were found. Both trapping methods indicated female Ae. aegypti had bimodal patterns of host-seeking, being highest during early morning and late afternoon hours. Mean Ae. aegypti daily abundance was negatively associated with daily temperature. No infection by ZIKV, DENV or CHIKV was detected in any Aedes mosquitoes caught by either trapping method. Conclusion: We conclude the MET performs at least as well as the BGS standard and offers the additional advantage of direct measurement of per capita human-biting rates. If detection of arboviruses can be confirmed in MET-collected Aedes in future studies, this surveillance method could provide a valuable tool for surveillance and prediction on human arboviral exposure risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mosquito electrocuting trap as an exposure-free method for measuring human-biting rates by Aedes mosquito vectors

et al. 2020

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“…To understand whether optimal trap location varied with the local abundance of Ae. aegypti, we conducted this investigation in an intervention site (IS) where female mosquito abundance was 10 times smaller than in a nonintervention site (NIS) in southern Puerto Rico (Barrera et al 2019a). The IS was located in Guayama municipality (17858 0 13 00 N, 66810 0 48 00 W; 20 m elevation; 241 buildings) and the NIS was in neighboring Salinas municipality (17857 0 59 00 N, 66818 0 10 00 W; 1 m elevation; 269 buildings).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vector control in the IS was conducted using mass trapping of female Ae. aegypti (Barrera et al 2014a(Barrera et al , 2019a. We used 27 and 28 fixed location AGO traps to monitor the capture rates of Ae.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observation period on the effect of trap location on mosquito captures in IS was from December 2016 to April 2017 and in NIS from April to July 2017. We were not interested in comparing mosquito abundance between sites because it had been done before (Barrera et al 2019a). Our interest was to observe how the microhabitat of trap location may affect trap captures in the study sites.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Modulating Captures of Gravid Aedes aegypti Females

Barrera

Amador

Ruiz-Valcárcel

et al. 2020

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association

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To improve detection and assessment of Aedes aegypti abundance, we investigated whether microhabitat factors of the location of autocidal gravid ovitraps (AGO traps) influenced captures of gravid females in 2 locations in southern Puerto Rico. One location had been under vector control for several years using mass AGO trapping (intervention site), where Ae. aegypti abundance was several times lower than in the other study site without mosquito control (nonintervention site). We observed 10 environmental factors describing trap microhabitat location, and monitored water volume and minimum, maximum, and average temperature in AGO traps. Air temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall were recorded at each site. We conducted a hot-spot analysis of AGO traps to understand whether trap captures were influenced by the local abundance of mosquitoes rather than or in addition to trap microhabitat factors. AGO traps were classified using a 2-step cluster analysis based on attributes of trap microhabitats, water temperature, and water volume. Captures of female Ae. aegypti in each cluster per site were compared between resulting clusters to determine whether trap microhabitat factors defining the clusters were associated with trap captures. Trap captures in both study sites were mostly correlated with captures in nearby traps regardless of trap microhabitat factors, possibly reflecting the influence of the spatial aggregation of mosquitoes coming from nearby aquatic habitats or the concentration of dispersing adults. These results indicated that AGO traps can be located at places that can be easily reached during periodic inspections, such as in front of houses, without much regard to local microhabitat conditions.

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“…ZIKV may be detected in Ae. aegypti held in traps at ambient temperatures [17]. We also simulated collections with higher and lower trap numbers.…”

Section: Vector Surveillance Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing vector and human surveillance strategies to detect arbovirus transmission: A simulation study for Zika virus detection in Puerto Rico

et al. 2019

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Background Detecting and monitoring the transmission of arboviruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus, and chikungunya virus is critical for prevention and control activities. Previous work has compared the ability of different human-focused surveillance strategies to detect ZIKV transmission in U.S. counties where no known transmission had occurred, but whether virological surveillance in mosquitoes could represent an effective surveillance system is unclear. Objectives We leveraged a unique set of data from human and virological surveillance in Ae. aegypti during the 2016 ZIKV epidemic in Caguas, Puerto Rico, to compare alternative strategies for detecting and monitoring ZIKV activity. Methods We developed a simulation model for mosquito and human surveillance strategies and simulated different transmission scenarios with varying infection rates and mosquito trap densities. We then calculated the expected weekly number of detected infections, the probability of detecting transmission, and the number of tests needed and compared the simulations with observed data from Caguas. Results In simulated high transmission scenarios (1 infection per 1,000 people per week), the models demonstrated that both approaches had estimated probabilities of detection of greater than 78%. In simulated low incidence scenarios, vector surveillance had higher sensitivity

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A comparison of mosquito densities, weather and infection rates of Aedes aegypti during the first epidemics of Chikungunya (2014) and Zika (2016) in areas with and without vector control in Puerto Rico

Cited by 34 publications

References 60 publications

The mosquito electrocuting trap as an exposure-free method for measuring human-biting rates by Aedes mosquito vectors

The mosquito electrocuting trap as an exposure-free method for measuring human-biting rates by Aedes mosquito vectors

Factors Modulating Captures of Gravid Aedes aegypti Females

Comparing vector and human surveillance strategies to detect arbovirus transmission: A simulation study for Zika virus detection in Puerto Rico

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