A Comparison of Noncontingent Reinforcement and Sensory Extinction as Treatments for Self‐injurious Behavior

Roscoe, Eileen M.; Iwata, Brian A.; Goh, Han-Leong

doi:10.1901/jaba.1998.31-635

Cited by 73 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In total, we retrieved the raw data of eight studies having two to four subjects. We combined the studies of Lindberg, Iwata, and Kahng (1999); Roscoe, Iwata, and Goh (1998); Thompson, Iwata, Conners, and Roscoe (1999); Roane, Piazza, Sgro, Volkert, and Anderson (2001) Thompson, & Lindberg (2000); and Zhou, Goff, & Iwata (2000). The SAS codes used for the estimation of the treatment effects over subjects and over studies are described in Appendix B.…”

Section: Empirical Illustrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Three-Level Synthesis of Standardized Single-Subject Experimental Data: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

Moeyaert

Ugille

Ferron

et al. 2013

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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Previous research indicates that three-level modeling is a valid statistical method to make inferences from unstandardized data from a set of single-subject experimental studies, especially when a homogeneous set of at least 30 studies are included ( Moeyaert, Ugille, Ferron, Beretvas, & Van den Noortgate, 2013a ). When single-subject data from multiple studies are combined, however, it often occurs that the dependent variable is measured on a different scale, requiring standardization of the data before combining them over studies. One approach is to divide the dependent variable by the residual standard deviation. In this study we use Monte Carlo methods to evaluate this approach. We examine how well the fixed effects (e.g., immediate treatment effect and treatment effect on the time trend) and the variance components (the between- and within-subject variance) are estimated under a number of realistic conditions. The three-level synthesis of standardized single-subject data is found appropriate for the estimation of the treatment effects, especially when many studies (30 or more) and many measurement occasions within subjects (20 or more) are included and when the studies are rather homogeneous (with small between-study variance). The estimates of the variance components are less accurate.

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Section: Empirical Illustrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Three-Level Synthesis of Standardized Single-Subject Experimental Data: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

Moeyaert

Ugille

Ferron

et al. 2013

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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“…Some research suggests that blocking the reinforcing consequence of the response by using sensory extinction can lead to the reduction of behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement (Aiken & Salzberg, 1984;Kennedy & Souza, 1995;Rincover, 1978). For example, Roscoe, Iwata, and Goh (1998) used sensory extinction in the form of gloves and protective sleeves to attenuate the stimulation produced by self-injury that was believed to be maintained by sensory consequences. In the case of stereotypic vocalizations, Aiken and Salzberg (1984) used sensory extinction in the form of white noise via headphones to reduce the stereotypic noises of two children with autism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The analysis and treatment of vocal stereotypy in a child with autism

2005

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This study examined procedures for the assessment and treatment of automatically reinforced vocal stereotypy of a 6-year-old girl with autism. Stimulus assessments were conducted to identify toys that were correlated with higher rates of vocal stereotypy and toys that were not. A concurrent operants assessment identified preferred stimuli (toys that produced auditory stimulation), which were then used as reinforcers for the non-occurrence of vocal stereotypy. A reversal design was used to compare the effects of a fixed time schedule of reinforcement (FT 1-min) to differential reinforcement for the non-occurrence of behavior (DRO) to reduce vocal stereotypy. Implementation of the FT schedule revealed no effect, whereas the DRO schedule led to a reduction in the target behavior during treatment sessions and across the school day. This study adds to the body of literature supporting the identification of matched stimuli to reduce non-socially mediated problem behavior.

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“…In a typical NCR procedure for socially maintained behavior, the reinforcer responsible for behavioral maintenance is delivered to the individual on a time-based schedule. NCR has also been reported an effective treatment for aberrant behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement (e.g., Piazza, Adelinis, Hanley, Goh, & Delia, 2000;Roscoe, Iwata, & Goh, 1998). In these procedures, an individual is typically given continuous, 1 as opposed to timebased, access to one or more leisure items identified from a stimulus preference assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of noncontingent reinforcement as treatment for automatically reinforced stereotypy

Britton

Carr

Landaburu

et al. 2002

Behavioral Interventions

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Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR), in the form of continuous access to preferred leisure items, has recently been reported as a successful treatment for automatically reinforced aberrant behavior. However, previous research has shown that the outcome of such procedures can be compromised under certain circumstances, such as when the response effort required to access leisure items is increased. The purpose of the current study was to assess the efficacy of two variations of NCR as treatment for automatically reinforced stereotypy. In the first phase of the study, functional analyses revealed that the stereotypy of three individuals with developmental disabilities was maintained independent of social consequences. A sensory class assessment was then conducted to identify the specific sensory products that appeared to maintain the behaviors. Finally, we evaluated the effects of NCR (using stimuli identified in the previous assessments) under two conditions. In the first condition, the leisure item was made freely available, by placing it on the table in front of the participant. In the other condition, an experimenter prompted the participant to interact with the leisure item at the beginning of the session. The results indicated that NCR successfully competed with stereotypy only when participants were prompted to interact with the leisure item. These findings are discussed in the context of developing NCR interventions for automatically reinforced aberrant behavior.

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A Comparison of Noncontingent Reinforcement and Sensory Extinction as Treatments for Self‐injurious Behavior

Cited by 73 publications

References 19 publications

The Three-Level Synthesis of Standardized Single-Subject Experimental Data: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

The Three-Level Synthesis of Standardized Single-Subject Experimental Data: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

The analysis and treatment of vocal stereotypy in a child with autism

The efficacy of noncontingent reinforcement as treatment for automatically reinforced stereotypy

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