A comparison of peat properties in intact, afforested and restored raised and blanket bogs

Howson, Tim; Chapman, Pippa; Holden, Joseph; Shah, Nadeem; Anderson, A. R.

doi:10.1111/sum.12826

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 89 publications

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“…Recent attempts have been made to reduce organic carbon loss from soils for climate change mitigation, whose measures include crop residue incorporation (Lupwayi et al 2022;Zhu et al 2022a), organic matter stabilization with clay and metal oxides (Baumann et al 2022;Di et al 2022), fertilizer application (da Silva et al 2022;Gasser et al 2022;Qiu et al 2022;Thakur et al 2022;Zhang et al 2022b), reduced or conservational tillage (Ferrara et al 2022;He et al 2022a;Islam et al 2022), rotational grazing (Abdalla et al 2022;Dong et al 2021), silvopastoral system (Aryal et al 2019;Valenzuela Que et al 2022), and ecological restoration (Howson et al 2022;Wang et al 2020b;Zhao et al 2022). Among them, application of biochar is a promising one due to simultaneous achievement of waste management, nutrient delivery, contaminant immobilization, and climate change mitigation.…”

Section: Co 2 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of biochar toward carbon neutrality

et al. 2023

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Carbon neutrality by the mid-twenty-first century is a grand challenge requiring technological innovations. Biochar, a traditional soil amendment which has been used for fertility improvement and contaminant remediation, has revealed new vitality in this context. In this review we highlight the huge potential of biochar application in different fields to mitigate as high as 2.56 × 109 t CO2e total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per year, accounting for 5.0% of the global GHG emissions. Soil applications of biochar as either a controlled-release fertilizer or an immobilization agent offer improved soil health while simultaneously suppressing the emissions of CH4 and N2O. Non-soil applications of biochar also contribute to carbon neutrality in unique ways. Firstly, biochar application as a ruminant feed decreases CH4 emissions via physical sorption and enhanced activities of methanotrophs. Secondly, biochar can be used as a green catalyst for biorefinery. Besides, biochar as an additive to Portland cement and low impact development (LID) infrastructure lowers the carbon footprint and builds resilience to climate change. Furthermore, biochar can be used as novel batteries and supercapacitors for energy storage purposes. Finally, the high CO2 adsorption capacity makes it possible for biochar being used as a sorbent for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). We advocate that future research should further explore the effectiveness of biochar systems for climate change mitigation in large scale applications, and assess the economic and social viability of local biochar systems to combat climate change. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Co 2 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of biochar toward carbon neutrality

et al. 2023

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The formation of peat—Decreasing density with depth in UK peats

Worrall,

Clay,

Heckman

et al. 2024

Soil Use and Management

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Increasing bulk density with depth in a peat profile has been seen as key to the formation of peat. Increasing bulk density with depth causing the changes in porosity and permeability of peat soils has been proposed as a mechanism to explain how waterlogged, stagnant conditions persist in peat bog soils. However, a previous study (Clay & Worrall, 2015; Soil Use & Management, 31, 77) observed, in passing, that this was not always the case, but this previous study could not test the nature of the peat bulk density profile. Thus, this present study examined 22 peat cores from 13 locations across climatic gradients of the UK, including valley fens, blanket and raised bogs, and both intact peatlands and former peat extraction sites. At none of the 13 locations was there a significant increase in dry bulk density with depth in the peat profile. The oxidation state of the organic carbon (Cox) in the peat profile showed no common pattern of change with depth. The only measured property that showed a consistent change down the peat profile among all 13 locations was an increase in the degree of unsaturation of C bonds. The change in degree of unsaturation shows a trend away from vegetation biomass composition and toward lignin‐like compositions with an average rate of change of 0.2 π‐bonds/ka. The measured pattern of bulk density between locations and types of peat shows that peat density reflects the contemporary peat environment, rather than the nature of peat formation. The bulk density profile likely reflects average water table position, as determined by topographic and land‐management factors, with peat compaction and accelerated decomposition within the aerobic zone. The presence of gas bubbles may also contribute to low bulk density at depth. The common bulk density profile found across the UK for peat ecosystems shows that peat formation is not controlled by porosity change but more specifically by water flow and hydraulic conductivity.

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Effect of ecological restoration on topsoil phosphorus following afforestation on abandoned ponds in northern Chaohu Lake, China

Li,

Dong,

Wang

et al. 2023

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Afforestation is an approach for ecological restoration. Soil total phosphorus is one of the important ecological and evolutionary elements for carbon cycles and plant growth following afforestation. However, studies on soil total phosphorus of afforestation on abandoned ponds with different slopes are still lacking. Soil total phosphorus and other soil properties from afforestation sites with different slopes were investigated. Soil total phosphorus, total nitrogen, bulk density, soil water contents and pH of poplar (Populus spp.) plantation sites (Slope 1) with a steep slope and pond cypress (Taxodium spp.) plantation sites (Slope 2) with a flat slope were determined. Soil total nitrogen stocks, soil total phosphorus stocks and the ratio of soil total nitrogen to total phosphorus (N:P) were calculated. Results showed that soil bulk density, soil water content, total phosphorus, total phosphorus stocks and total nitrogen stocks of three soil layers at Slope 1 were significantly lower than those of Slope 2. N:P of Slope 1 was significantly higher, but no significant difference of total nitrogen and pH were found between the two sampling sites. Soil bulk density, soil water content and total nitrogen had significant positive relationships with both total phosphorus and total phosphorus stocks. No obvious correlation was found between pH and total phosphorus or total phosphorus stocks. Redundancy analysis (RDA analysis) suggested that soil water content and bulk density had the most important individual effect on total phosphorus and total phosphorus stocks with values at 59.3% and 59.5%, respectively. It is recommended that afforestation on a flat or gentle slope rather than on a steep gradient could be helpful for accumulation of soil total phosphorus and phosphorus stocks and could decrease the risk of soil phosphorus loss, when afforestation is used for ecological restoration.

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A comparison of peat properties in intact, afforested and restored raised and blanket bogs

Cited by 3 publications

References 89 publications

Role of biochar toward carbon neutrality

Role of biochar toward carbon neutrality

The formation of peat—Decreasing density with depth in UK peats

Effect of ecological restoration on topsoil phosphorus following afforestation on abandoned ponds in northern Chaohu Lake, China

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A comparison of peat properties in intact, afforested and restored raised and blanket bogs

Cited by 3 publications

References 89 publications

Role of biochar toward carbon neutrality

Role of biochar toward carbon neutrality

The formation of peat—Decreasing density with depth in UK peats

﻿Effect of ecological restoration on topsoil phosphorus following afforestation on abandoned ponds in northern Chaohu Lake, China

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Effect of ecological restoration on topsoil phosphorus following afforestation on abandoned ponds in northern Chaohu Lake, China