A comparison of plant and microbial biomarkers in grassland soils from the Prairie Ecozone of Canada

Otto, Angelika; Shunthirasingham, Chubashini; Simpson, Myrna J.

doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.09.008

Cited by 195 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…These compounds are generally considered to be suberin markers when found in soil (Nierop, 1998;Otto et al, 2005), even though they have been found in leaves and stems of higher plants as well (Mendez-Millan et al, 2010). Suberin is a cell wall component of cork cells, and is mainly found in bark, woody stems and roots (Kolattukudy, 1980).…”

Section: Hydroxyacidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal survey of the composition and degradation state of particulate organic matter in the Rhône River using lipid tracers

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Lipid tracers including fatty acids, hydroxyacids, n-alkanols, sterols and triterpenoids were used to determine the origin and fate of suspended particulate organic matter (POM) collected in the Rhône River (France). This seasonal survey (April 2011 to May 2013) revealed a yearround strong terrestrial higher-plant contribution to the particulate organic matter (POM), with significant algal inputs observed in March and attributed to phytoplanktonic blooms likely dominated by diatoms. Major terrigenous contributors to our samples are gymnosperms, and more precisely their roots and stems, as evidenced by the presence of high proportions of ω-hydroxydocosanoic acid (a suberin biomarker). The high amounts of coprostanol detected clearly show that the Rhône River is significantly affected by sewage waters.Specific sterol degradation products were quantified and used to assess the part of biotic and abiotic degradation of POM within the river. Higher-plant-derived organic matter appears to be mainly affected by photo-oxidation and autoxidation (free radical oxidation), while organic matter of mammal or human origin, evidenced by the presence of coprostanol, is clearly more prone to bacterial degradation. Despite the involvement of an intense autoxidation-inducing homolytic cleavage of peroxy bonds, a significant proportion of hydroperoxides is still intact in higher plant debris. These compounds could affect the degradation of terrestrial material by inducing an intense autoxidation upon its arrival at sea.

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Section: Hydroxyacidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal survey of the composition and degradation state of particulate organic matter in the Rhône River using lipid tracers

et al. 2015

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“…Sequential chemical extractions (solvent-extraction, CuO oxidation) were conducted to analyze the extractable compounds and lignin-derived phenols respectively (Hedges and Mann 1979;Otto et al 2005;Otto and Simpson 2007). Briefly, sediments (*20 g) were sequentially extracted by sonication for 10 min with 40 ml CH 2 Cl 2 , CH 2 Cl 2 :MeOH (1:1 v/v) and MeOH.…”

Section: Sequential Extraction Of Om Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fractions were dried in 2 ml glass vials under N 2 and yields determined by weighing the dry residues. The air-dried solvent-extracted sediment was then subjected to CuO oxidation to release lignin-derived phenols (Hedges and Mann 1979;Otto et al 2005;Otto and Simpson 2007). Solvent-extracted sediment (*4 g) were extracted with 2 g CuO, 200 mg ammonium iron (II) sulfate hexahydrate [Fe(NH 4 ) 2 -(SO 4 ) 2 6H 2 O] and 16 ml 2 M NaOH in Teflon-lined bombs at 170°C for 2.5 h. The extracts were acidified to pH = 1 with 6 M HCl, and kept for 1 h at room temperature in the dark to prevent polymerization of cinnamic acids.…”

Section: Sequential Extraction Of Om Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarker assessment of organic matter sources and degradation in Canadian High Arctic littoral sediments

et al. 2010

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Carbon stocks in the High Arctic are particularly sensitive to global climate change and the investigation of the variation in organic matter (OM) composition is beneficial for improved understanding of OM vulnerability. OM biomarker characterization of solvent-extractable compounds and CuO oxidation products of littoral sedimentary OM in the Canadian Arctic was conducted to determine OM sources and decomposition patterns. The solvent-extracts contained a series of aliphatic lipids, steroids and one triterpenoid of higher plant origin as well as the low abundance of iso-and anteiso-alkanes originating from Cerastium arcticum (Arctic mouse-ear chickweed), a native angiosperm. The carbon preference index (CPI) of the n-alkane, n-alkanol and n-alkanoic acid biomarkers suggests relatively fresh lipid material in the early stages of degradation. The CuO oxidation products were comprised of benzenes, lignin-derived phenols and short-chain diacids and hydroxyacids. A high abundance of these terrestrial biomarkers at sites close to the river inlet suggests soil-derived fluvial inputs are an important source of OM delivered to the littoral sediments. The high lignin-derived phenol ratios of acids to aldehydes suggest that lignin degradation is in a relatively advanced oxidation stage. The absence of ergosterol, a common fungal biomarker also suggests that ligninderived OM may be preserved in soil OM and transported to littoral sediments. This representative OM characterization suggests that Arctic sedimentary OM is a mixture of recently deposited and/or preserved lipids in permafrost melt and oxidized lignin-derived OM that may become destabilized from external influences such as climate change.

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“…Soils from the Prairie Ecozone in Canada were also reported to have C max values at C 31 and have been associated with higher plant inputs (Otto et al, 2005b). The enrichment in the C 31 homologue in the riparian soil (0.085 mg g -1 OC) compared to the grass prairie soil (0.057 mg g -1 OC) may suggest high inputs from the Black Walnut, although the Johnson and Eastern Gamma grass may also be contributing to the soil OM.…”

Section: 42a N-alkanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular biomarkers, in the form of free (solvent-extractable) and bound lipids have been used in determining the sources, transport and diagenetic state of OC in many environments (Jaffé et al, 1996 and2001;Otto et al, 2005b;Jansen et al, 2006;Xu et al, 2010). Although free lipids usually comprise less than 10% of the total soil organic matter (SOM), the biomarkers contained in this fraction can give valuable information on the source and degradation of OM (Otto et al, 2005b), allowing for the characterization of OC entering and being transported by small rivers. Biomarkers can provide useful information on OM sources for typical two end member systems (allochthonous/terrestrial vs. autochthonous/microbial).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Biomass Control on the Composition and Reactivity of Particulate Organic Matter in Aquatic Environments

Pisani¹

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A comparison of plant and microbial biomarkers in grassland soils from the Prairie Ecozone of Canada

Cited by 195 publications

References 74 publications

Seasonal survey of the composition and degradation state of particulate organic matter in the Rhône River using lipid tracers

Seasonal survey of the composition and degradation state of particulate organic matter in the Rhône River using lipid tracers

Biomarker assessment of organic matter sources and degradation in Canadian High Arctic littoral sediments

Local Biomass Control on the Composition and Reactivity of Particulate Organic Matter in Aquatic Environments

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