A comparison of PTSD symptom patterns in three types of civilian trauma

Kelley, Lance P.; Weathers, Frank W.; McDevitt-Murphy, Meghan E.; Eakin, D.E.; Flood, Amanda M.

doi:10.1002/jts.20406

Cited by 164 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Overall, the results of this study support the general conclusion provided by Kelley et al (2009) in that different levels of symptomatology were observed in different trauma types experienced by women. At the cluster level, having experienced SA was associated with more symptom severity than any other trauma; however, in this study, there were no differences between SA and SUD despite the mean differences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Our study employed a comparable methodology to Kelley et al (2009), using a large sample of undergraduates, a self-report measure of trauma exposure, the same self-report measure of PTSD symptoms (PCL), and a survey methodology. Given our study was administered in groups and Kelley et al used a voluntary return methodology, our methodology might represent an improvement due to reduced self-selection bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, findings from the studies suggest that different traumas can result in varying clinical presentations, and further inquiry examining these variations is warranted. Kelley, Weathers, McDevitt-Murphy, Eakin, and Flood (2009) reported the results of a study examining PTSD symptom patterns in three types of traumatic events: sexual assault (SA), motor vehicle accidents, and sudden unexpected death of a loved one (SUD). The authors reported SA had the highest overall mean for each of the three DSM-IV PTSD symptom clusters (reexperiencing, avoidance/numbing, and hyperarousal).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methodologically, the Kelley et al (2009) study included several improvements over past research in this area. As the authors noted, the data were collected from the same population pool, rather than prior studies that compared samples gathered from different populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

PTSD Symptom Patterns Following Traumatic and Nontraumatic Events

Lancaster¹,

Melka²,

Rodriguez³

et al. 2014

Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

PTSD Symptom Patterns Following Traumatic and Nontraumatic Events

Lancaster¹,

Melka²,

Rodriguez³

et al. 2014

Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma

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“…Cognitive deficits in children exposed to social traumas can result in impairment of a great range of developmental tasks from personal relationship problems [52] to school achievement [53]. Different trauma types result in a variety of PTSD symptoms and the same can be observed for the associated cognitive deficits associated [54]. Whether the cause of cognitive impairment is trauma exposure or PTSD symptomatology is an open issue.…”

Section: Cognition and Social Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimmunoendocrine Interactions in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Focus on Long-Term Implications of Childhood Maltreatment

Wieck¹,

Grassi‐Oliveira²,

Prado³

et al. 2014

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Childhood maltreatment has been linked to enhanced vulnerability to psychiatric pathologies in adult life, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous works have reported cogent neuroendocrine and immune changes related to adult traumatic events (war survivors, refugees, etc.), but little information is known regarding the impact of early-life stress (ELS) in adult physiology. Here, we review the neuroendocrine and immunological changes commonly observed in PTSD, focusing on the long-term implications of ELS. Childhood maltreatment may lead to altered glucocorticoid (GC) secretion, resulting in hypo- or hypercortisolemia, and reciprocal changes in peripheral leukocyte sensitivity to GC. It is believed that these neuroendocrine changes are correlated with the immune imbalance phenomenon (low-grade inflammation), characterized by increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and C-reactive protein. Changes in peripheral lymphocyte subsets are also documented, such as a reduction in regulatory T cells and an expansion of activated T cells. The excess of circulating cytokines may thus interfere with key brain neurotransmitter pathways involved in depression and enhanced risk to cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recent gene-environment and epigenetic findings have indicated potential molecular mechanisms linking ELS, neuroendocrine and immunity in PTSD.

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Gun Violence Exposure and Suicide Among Black Adults

Semenza,

Daruwala,

Brooks Stephens

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceBlack individuals are disproportionately exposed to gun violence in the US. Suicide rates among Black US individuals have increased in recent years.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether gun violence exposures (GVEs) are associated with suicidal ideation and behaviors among Black adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used survey data collected from a nationally representative sample of self-identified Black or African American (hereafter, Black) adults in the US from April 12, 2023, through May 4, 2023.ExposuresEver being shot, being threatened with a gun, knowing someone who has been shot, and witnessing or hearing about a shooting.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcome variables were derived from the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview, including suicidal ideation, suicide attempt preparation, and suicide attempt. A subsample of those exhibiting suicidal ideation was used to assess for suicidal behaviors.ResultsThe study sample included 3015 Black adults (1646 [55%] female; mean [SD] age, 46.34 [0.44] years [range, 18-94 years]). Most respondents were exposed to at least 1 type of gun violence (1693 [56%]), and 300 (12%) were exposed to at least 3 types of gun violence. Being threatened with a gun (odds ratio [OR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.01-2.05) or knowing someone who has been shot (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.05-1.97) was associated with reporting lifetime suicidal ideation. Being shot was associated with reporting ever planning a suicide (OR, 3.73; 95% CI, 1.10-12.64). Being threatened (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 2.41-5.09) or knowing someone who has been shot (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.42-5.74) was associated with reporting lifetime suicide attempts. Cumulative GVE was associated with reporting lifetime suicidal ideation (1 type: OR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.19-2.39]; 2 types: OR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.17-2.44]; ≥3 types: OR, 2.27 [95% CI, 1.48-3.48]), suicide attempt preparation (≥3 types; OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 2.37-5.63), and attempting suicide (2 types: OR, 4.78 [95% CI, 1.80-12.71]; ≥3 types: OR, 4.01 [95% CI, 1.41-11.44]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, GVE among Black adults in the US was significantly associated with lifetime suicidal ideation and behavior. Public health efforts to substantially reduce interpersonal gun violence may yield additional benefits by decreasing suicide among Black individuals in the US.

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A comparison of PTSD symptom patterns in three types of civilian trauma

Cited by 164 publications

References 36 publications

PTSD Symptom Patterns Following Traumatic and Nontraumatic Events

PTSD Symptom Patterns Following Traumatic and Nontraumatic Events

Neuroimmunoendocrine Interactions in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Focus on Long-Term Implications of Childhood Maltreatment

Gun Violence Exposure and Suicide Among Black Adults

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