A comparison of raloxifene and calcium plus Vitamin D on vaginal atrophy after discontinuation of long-standing postmenopausal hormone therapy in osteoporotic women

Checa, Miguel Ángel; Garrido, Ana; Prat, Maria; Conangla, M. Mercè; Rueda, Camilo; Carreras, Ramón

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2004.12.006

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This seems to contradict clinical findings as raloxifene has not been found to increase UI rate. However, it should be noted that short-term treatment (20 weeks) with raloxifene increased pelvic organ prolapse 20 and change of treatment from estrogen to raloxifene resulted in an increase of vaginal atrophy 21 . In addition, short-term (3 weeks) treatment with raloxifene has been shown to increase voiding dysfunction rate in a SUI rat model 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Estrogen, Raloxifene, and Levormeloxifene on the Expression of Rho-kinase Signaling Molecules in Urethral Smooth Muscle Cells

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Lin

Lue

et al. 2010

Urology

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OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of estrogen, raloxifene, and levormeloxifene on the expression of Rho-kinase signaling molecules in urethral smooth muscle cells (USMCs). METHODS USMCs were isolated from female rats. Expression of calponin and estrogen receptors α (ERα was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Cells were treated with estrogen, raloxifene, or levormeloxifene at 0, 1, 10, and 100 nM for 48 h and then processed for western blotting with antibodies against RhoA, Rho kinase I and II (Rock-I and Rock-II), myosin light chain (MLC), phosphorylated MLC (p-MLC), and β-actin. Protein expression was quantitated by densitometry, followed by statistical analysis with β-actin as control. RESULTS USMCs expressed calponin and ERα. Treatment of USMCs with estrogen, raloxifene or levormeloxifene resulted in decreased expression of RhoA, Rock-I, Rock-II, and p-MLC in a dosage-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen, raloxifene, and levormeloxifene may affect urinary continence by inhibiting the expression of Rho-kinase signaling molecules.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Estrogen, Raloxifene, and Levormeloxifene on the Expression of Rho-kinase Signaling Molecules in Urethral Smooth Muscle Cells

Ning

Lin

Lue

et al. 2010

Urology

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“…The importance of this review: Being free of sexual problems can improve the confidence and mental state of women [20]; therefore, it is important to resolve sexual problems associated with menopause. Accordingly, vitamin D may be useful in vaginal discomfort in menopause women [7,[21][22][23]; however, some experimental results are controversy [24,25].…”

Section: Effect Of Vitamin D On the Vaginal Health Of Menopausalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 for the study flow diagram. Six trials were included in this review: 2 studies were individually randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [21,23] and 4 were quasirandomized [24,[26][27][28]. A total of 391 participants were part of the 6 trials.…”

Section: Description Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four trials did not report any attempt to blind assessors to treatment assignment [21,[26][27][28]. In 2 trial reports, the participants or providers, or both, were blinded to treatment allocation [23,24].…”

Section: Blinding (Performance Bias and Detection Bias)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two trials did not provide information about the number of participants allocated to groups via randomization [24,27] and 4 trials reported attrition bias.…”

Section: Incomplete Outcome Data (Attrition Bias)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Vitamin D on the Vaginal Health of Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review

et al. 2019

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Menopause is associated with the onset of climacteric symptoms due to low estradiol levels, which may cause insufficient maturation of the vaginal mucosa. Vitamin D may regulate the growth and differentiation of cells that are adversely affected due to low estradiol levels, thereby restoring vaginal health. The objective of this systematic review, the first on this subject, was to investigate the effect of vitamin D on the vaginal health of menopausal women. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases and reference lists of hand-searched articles were searched for published studies from February 2000 to November 2018. The selection criteria were as follows: randomized or quasi-randomized trials that compared the effects of vitamin D or related compounds, alone or with calcium, on vaginal health (growth and differentiation of epithelial cells, dryness, acidity [pH]) outcomes in menopausal women. The methodological quality of these studies was examined using the Cochrane tool checklist by two independent investigators, following which the data were extracted. Of six examined studies, two showed that vitamin D administration improved the growth and differentiation of vaginal epithelial cells, improved vaginal pH, and decreased vaginal dryness in menopausal women. Although the level of evidence for the effects of vitamin D on vaginal health is low in our study, we concluded that vitamin D may improve the vaginal health of women, especially during menopause.

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Reduced-fat Gouda-type cheese enriched with vitamin D3 effectively prevents vitamin D deficiency during winter months in postmenopausal women in Greece

et al. 2016

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A comparison of raloxifene and calcium plus Vitamin D on vaginal atrophy after discontinuation of long-standing postmenopausal hormone therapy in osteoporotic women

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of Estrogen, Raloxifene, and Levormeloxifene on the Expression of Rho-kinase Signaling Molecules in Urethral Smooth Muscle Cells

Effects of Estrogen, Raloxifene, and Levormeloxifene on the Expression of Rho-kinase Signaling Molecules in Urethral Smooth Muscle Cells

Effect of Vitamin D on the Vaginal Health of Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review

Reduced-fat Gouda-type cheese enriched with vitamin D3 effectively prevents vitamin D deficiency during winter months in postmenopausal women in Greece

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