A Comparison of Schizophrenic and Autistic Children

Green, Wayne H.; Campbell, Magda; Hardesty, Anne S.; Grega, Dennis M.; Padron-Gayol, Maria; Shell, Juanita; Erlenmeyer‐Kimling, L.

doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60317-4

Cited by 107 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A handful of studies of COS suggest higher rates of visual hallucinations than observed in the adult onset cases 9–12 , with some studies reporting rates as high as 69% from chart reviews 13 or 48% using standardized rating scales 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Onset Schizophrenia: High Rate of Visual Hallucinations

David¹,

Greenstein²,

Clasen³

et al. 2011

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Onset Schizophrenia: High Rate of Visual Hallucinations

David¹,

Greenstein²,

Clasen³

et al. 2011

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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“…Despite onset by 13 years of age, these children have hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder (Caplan, Guthrie, Tang, Komo & Asarnow, 2000; Green et al, 1984; Kolvin, Ounsted, Humphrey & McNay, 1971; McKenna et al, 1994; Russell, Bott & Sammons, 1989), as well as a significant decrease in IQ around the onset of the illness (Gochman et al, 2005), just as observed in the adult disorder. However, cytogenetic abnormalities, found in 10% of the childhood onset cases and a higher rate of familial transmission imply that COS is a more severe form than the adult disease (Addington & Rapoport, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic processing and thought disorder in childhood-onset schizophrenia: Insights from fMRI

Borofsky

McNealy

Siddarth

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurolinguistics

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Impairments in language processing and thought disorder are core symptoms of schizophrenia. Here we used fMRI to investigate functional abnormalities in the neural networks subserving sentence-level language processing in childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS). Fourteen children with COS (mean age: 13.34; IQ: 95) and 14 healthy controls (HC; mean age: 12.37; IQ: 104) underwent fMRI while performing a semantic judgment task previously shown to differentially engage semantic and syntactic processes. We report four main results. First, different patterns of functional specialization for semantic and syntactic processing were observed within each group, despite similar level of task performance. Second, after regressing out IQ, significant between-group differences were observed in the neural correlates of semantic and, to a lesser extent, syntactic processing, with HC children showing overall greater activity than COS children. Third, while these group differences were not related to effects of medications, a significant negative correlation was observed in the COS group between neuroleptic dosage and activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus for the semantic condition. Finally, COS children's level of thought disorder was significantly correlated with task-related activity in language-relevant networks. Taken together, these findings suggest that children with COS exhibit aberrant patterns of neural activity during semantic, and to a lesser extent syntactic, processing and that these functional abnormalities in language-relevant networks are significantly related to severity of thought disorder.

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“…While symptoms of autism are observable by 3 years of age and in many cases even earlier, the defining symptoms of schizophrenia typically do not manifest until late adolescence or early adulthood. Even in the rare cases of younger children with schizophrenia, there are clear distinctions in clinical presentation from those with autism: importantly, childhood schizophrenia but not autism involves the presence of psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations (Green et al 1984). This distinction was made explicit in the first diagnostic criteria for autism (American Psychiatric Association 1980), which precluded a diagnosis of autism unless there is an “absence of delusions, hallucinations, loosening of associations, and incoherence as in Schizophrenia”.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The benefit of directly comparing autism and schizophrenia for revealing mechanisms of social cognitive impairment

Sasson

Pinkham

Carpenter

et al. 2010

J Neurodevelop Disord

125

127

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Autism and schizophrenia share a history of diagnostic conflation that was not definitively resolved until the publication of the DSM-III in 1980. Though now recognized as heterogeneous disorders with distinct developmental trajectories and dissociative features, much of the early nosological confusion stemmed from apparent overlap in certain areas of social dysfunction. In more recent years, separate but substantial literatures have accumulated for autism and schizophrenia demonstrating that abnormalities in social cognition directly contribute to the characteristic social deficits of both disorders. The current paper argues that direct comparison of social cognitive impairment can highlight shared and divergent mechanisms underlying pathways to social dysfunction, a process that can provide significant clinical benefit by informing the development of tailored treatment efforts. Thus, while the history of diagnostic conflation between autism and schizophrenia may have originated in similarities in social dysfunction, the goal of direct comparisons is not to conflate them once again but rather to reveal distinctions that illuminate disorder-specific mechanisms and pathways that contribute to social cognitive impairment.

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A Comparison of Schizophrenic and Autistic Children

Cited by 107 publications

References 25 publications

Childhood Onset Schizophrenia: High Rate of Visual Hallucinations

Childhood Onset Schizophrenia: High Rate of Visual Hallucinations

Semantic processing and thought disorder in childhood-onset schizophrenia: Insights from fMRI

The benefit of directly comparing autism and schizophrenia for revealing mechanisms of social cognitive impairment

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