A comparison of selected public health criteria in milk from milk-shops and from a national distributor

O'Ferrall-Berndt, Marianne More

doi:10.4102/jsava.v74i2.501

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Prevalence of raw milk samples above SA national standards (SA, 2001 Act (54), (1972)) were 42 %, 88 % and 68 % for E. coli, coliforms and total aerobic plate counts, respectively. Our results on microbial counts from raw PDBM, where more than 60 % of the sample were above national standard, were consistent with previous studies carried out in SA (Lues et al, 2003, O'Ferrall-Berndt, 2003, Lues et al, 2010 (2004) USA. These studies highlighted, animal and equipment cleanliness, feeding and housing strategies, rinsing water for milking machine and milking equipment washing, mastitis in animals, milk transportation and storage conditions, as reasons for high microbial counts in raw milk.…”

Section: Total Plate Count Coliforms and E Coli Counts In Retail Pdbmsupporting

confidence: 82%

Characterization of Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae in producer-distributor bulk milk

Ntuli

Njage

Buys

2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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INTERPRETIVE SUMMARYCharacterization of E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae in producer-distributor bulk milk, Ntuli, The direct sale of milk from producer-distributor (PD) to consumers is a common practice in many countries. We characterized E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae in PD bulk milk sold at retail points in South Africa (SA). The study highlighted that there is a potential risk of transferring drug resistant pathogenic E. coli to consumers through the food chain.Information obtained from the study will be used to model the risk of pathogenic E. coli in PD milk and the proposal of most potentially effective mitigation efforts towards enhancing food security. ABSTRACTThe current study was undertaken to characterize Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae in raw and pasteurized producer-distributor bulk milk (PDBM). A total of 258 samples were collected from purchase points in 8 provinces in South Africa. The samples were tested for 1 antibiotic residues, phosphatase, total aerobic bacteria, coliforms and E. coli counts. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was used for identification of isolates. E. coli isolates were characterized for virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, serotypes and presumptive E. coli O157:H7. Antibiotic residues and alkaline phosphatase were detected in 2 % (n=258) and 21 % (n=104) of the samples respectively. A total of 729 isolates belonging to 21 genera and 59 species were identified. E. coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Raoultella ornithinolytica were the most abundant species. Spoilage Enterobacteriaceae species exceeded 50 % of the total isolates. E. coli was detected and isolated from 36 % of the milk samples. Thirty one E. coli isolates harbored virulence genes stx1/stx2 and 38 % (n=121) were presumptive O157:H7. Prevalence of samples with presumptive shigatoxin producing E. coli (STEC) was 10 %. Antimicrobial resistant E. coli isolates were detected in 70 % of the milk samples with 36 % of stx1/stx2 positive E. coli showing multi-drug resistance. Information obtained from the study will be used for modelling the public health risk posed by milkborne pathogens in PDBM, which in many cases is consumed by the poor and vulnerable population.

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Section: Total Plate Count Coliforms and E Coli Counts In Retail Pdbmsupporting

confidence: 82%

Characterization of Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae in producer-distributor bulk milk

Ntuli

Njage

Buys

2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…The primary objective of this study has been to isolate and identify S. aureus from milk obtained from supermarkets, shops and farms around the North-West Province, South Africa. The main motivation is that food-borne pathogens, including S. aureus , have been isolated from milk and dairy products worldwide [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Moreover, a baseline study previously conducted in the area revealed the presence of S. aureus in milk collected from a communal farm and two commercial farms [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Milk: A Public Health Implication

Akindolire

Babalola

Ateba

2015

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and virulence genes determinants of S. aureus isolated from milk obtained from retail outlets of the North-West Province, South Africa. To achieve this, 200 samples of raw, bulk and pasteurised milk were obtained randomly from supermarkets, shops and some farms in the North-West Province between May 2012 and April 2013. S. aureus was isolated and positively identified using morphological (Gram staining), biochemical (DNase, catalase, haemolysis and rapid slide agglutination) tests, protein profile analysis (MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry) and molecular (nuc specific PCR) methods. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates were determined using the phenotypic agar diffusion method. Genes encoding enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins and collagen adhesins were also screened using PCR. Among all the samples examined, 30 of 40 raw milk samples (75%), 25 of 85 bulk milk samples (29%) and 10 of 75 pasteurised milk samples (13%) were positive for S. aureus. One hundred and fifty-six PCR-confirmed S. aureus isolates were obtained from 75 contaminated milk samples. A large proportion (60%–100%) of the isolates was resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, oxacillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin and erythromycin. On the contrary, low level resistance (8.3%–40%) was observed for gentamicin, kanamycin and sulphamethoxazole. Methicillin resistance was detected in 59% of the multidrug resistant isolates and this was a cause for concern. However, only a small proportion (20.6%) of these isolates possessed PBP2a which codes for Methicillin resistance in S. aureus. In addition, 32.7% of isolates possessed the sec gene whereas the sea, seb sed, see, cna, eta, etb genes were not detected. The findings of this study showed that raw, bulk and pasteurised milk in the North-West Province is contaminated with toxigenic and multi-drug resistant S. aureus strains. There is a need to implement appropriate control measures to reduce contamination as well as the spread of virulent S. aureus strains and the burden of disease in humans.

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“…Poor hygienic practices during production and /or processing may give rise to this situation. In Nigeria, S. aureus was reported in the range of 25 to 45% in locally produced fermented milk, Nono (Nnadi, 2006) while in Pretoria, South Africa, 40% of the milk samples collected from milk shops were found to be contaminated with S. aureus (O`Ferrall-Berndt, 2003). Milk collected from large and small-scale dairy farms in Kenya for a multidrug resistance study reported a 30.6% prevalence of S. aureus (Shitandi and Sternesj, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus and other Staphylococcus species in milk and milk products from Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia

Tarekgne¹,

Skeie²,

Rudi³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Food Sci.

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Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that can cause Staphylococcal Food Poisoning (SFP).Milk and dairy products are frequently contaminated by this bacterium. In this study, 310 samples (168 bovine raw milk and 142 dairy products) were collected in the Tigray region of Northern Ethiopia, with the objective of detection and enumeration of S. aureus and other Staphylococcus species. Baird-Parker agar for isolation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing for species identification were employed. S. aureus was found in 38.7% of samples with mean count of 4.35 +/-0.97 log 10 CFU ml -1 . The prevalence of S. aureus was significantly greater in raw milk samples (47%) than in dairy products (28.8%). Of all S. aureus positive samples, 34.2% contained >5 log 10 CFU ml -1 . Samples from cafeterias and restaurants showed the greatest prevalence of S. aureus (P<0.05) compared to other sampling points. Samples from small-scale dairies were twice more likely to be contaminated by S. aureus than traditionally managed dairies (P<0.05, OR=2.0). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were found in 51.6% of the samples, with mean count of 6.0±1.21 log 10 CFU ml -1 . Ten species of CNS were identified and S. epidermidis (36.13%) was the most frequent. The frequency of isolation found in this study indicates that S. aureus and other Staphylococcus spp. may impose public health hazard in dairy products. Therefore, further studies on the enterotoxigenic potential of the isolates, and molecular epidemiology to trace the sources of the contamination are recommended.

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A comparison of selected public health criteria in milk from milk-shops and from a national distributor

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Characterization of Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae in producer-distributor bulk milk

Characterization of Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae in producer-distributor bulk milk

Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Milk: A Public Health Implication

Staphylococcus aureus and other Staphylococcus species in milk and milk products from Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia

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