A comparison of spleen size measured by ultrasound in a random population sample and a matched sample of patients at a university hospital, and the determination of normal values and influencing factors

Schranz, Theresa; Klaus, Jochen; Kratzer, Wolfgang; Schmidberger, Julian; Güthle, M

doi:10.1055/a-1404-4097

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The findings of our study also support the idea that sexrelated differences in spleen size may impact immune function and tumor malignancy in NSCLC patients. We found that male patients had a significantly higher splenic area than female patients, which is consistent with previous literature [38]. One factor that may contribute to the sex-related differences in spleen size is body size and weight [39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Preoperative splenic area as a prognostic biomarker of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer

Liu,

Yan,

et al. 2023

Cancer Imaging

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Background The correlation between the preoperative splenic area measured on CT scans and the overall survival (OS) of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains unclear. Methods A retrospective discovery cohort and validation cohort consisting of consecutive NSCLC patients who underwent resection and preoperative CT scans were created. The patients were divided into two groups based on the measurement of their preoperative splenic area: normal and abnormal. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyse the correlation between splenic area and OS. Results The discovery and validation cohorts included 2532 patients (1374 (54.27%) males; median (IQR) age 59 (52–66) years) and 608 patients (403 (66.28%) males; age 69 (62–76) years), respectively. Patients with a normal splenic area had a 6% higher 5-year OS (n = 727 (80%)) than patients with an abnormal splenic area (n = 1805 (74%)) (p = 0.007) in the discovery cohort. A similar result was obtained in the validation cohort. In the univariable analysis, the OS hazard ratios (HRs) for the patients with abnormal splenic areas were 1.32 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.61) in the discovery cohort and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.50) in the validation cohort. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that abnormal splenic area was independent of shorter OS in the discovery (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.63) and validation cohorts (HR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.02). Conclusion Preoperative CT measurements of the splenic area serve as a prognostic indicator for early-stage NSCLC patients, offering a novel metric with potential implications for personalized therapeutic strategies in top-tier oncology research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Preoperative splenic area as a prognostic biomarker of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer

Liu,

Yan,

et al. 2023

Cancer Imaging

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“…We found in this report that SPL is an independent predictor of the risk of HBV cirrhosis-induced EVH by multifactor analysis. However, SPL may be affected by height, weight, and BMI [33,36]. SPL value alone cannot reliably predict EVH risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of nomogram model for the prediction of esophageal variceal hemorrhage in hepatitis B-induced hepatic cirrhosis

Xu,

Tan,

Jiang

et al. 2024

European Journal of Gastroenterology &Amp; Hepatology

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Background Esophageal variceal (EV) hemorrhage is a life-threatening consequence of portal hypertension in hepatitis B virus (HBV) -induced cirrhotic patients. Screening upper endoscopy and endoscopic variceal ligation to find EVs for treatment have complications, contraindications, and high costs. We sought to identify the nomogram models (NMs) as alternative predictions for the risk of EV hemorrhage. Methods In this case-control study, we retrospectively analyzed 241 HBV-induced liver cirrhotic patients treated for EVs at the Second People’s Hospital of Fuyang City, China from January 2021 to April 2023. We applied univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression to assess the accuracy of various NMs in EV hemorrhage. The area under the curve (AUC) and calibration curves of the receiver’s operating characteristics were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the nomogram. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to determine the clinically relevant of nomograms. Results In the prediction group, multivariate logistic regression analysis identified platelet distribution and spleen length as independent risk factors for EVs. We applied NMs as the independent risk factors to predict EVs risk. The NMs fit well with the calibration curve and have good discrimination ability. The AUC and DCA demonstrated that NMs with a good net benefit. The above results were validated in the validation cohort. Conclusion Our non-invasive NMs based on the platelet distribution width and spleen length may be used to predict EV hemorrhage in HBV-induced cirrhotic patients. NMs can help clinicians to increase diagnostic performance leading to improved treatment measures.

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“…In another study of German hospital and general population, spleen length was influenced by height, weight, and BMI (all p<0.0001). 28 In clinical practice, spleen length of 12 cm remains the upper limit of normal, irrespective of clinical characteristics of each patient. In addition, spleen length itself was investigated as a variable for the prediction of varices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age, Sex, and Body Mass Index Should Be Considered When Assessing Spleen Length in Patients with Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease

et al. 2022

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Background/Aims: We investigated the factors related to spleen length and the diagnostic accuracy of a model using spleen length corrected by related factors, for the prediction of varices needing treatment (VNT). Methods:Various prediction models for VNT including spleen length were analyzed in the cohort of compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD), defined as liver stiffness (LS) ≥10 kPa in a recent study. The associated factors for spleen length were identified in healthy subjects to improve the prediction of VNT.Results: Among 1,218 cACLD patients, VNT was noted in 249 patients (20.4%). On multivariate analysis, longer spleen length, lower platelet count, and higher LS value were independent predictors for VNT (all p<0.001). In multivariate analysis of 1,041 healthy subjects, age (β=-0.027), sex (β=0.762), and body mass index (β=0.097) were found to be significant factors for spleen length (all p<0.001). Using the β values, the estimated spleen length was calculated. To improve the prediction of VNT, the ratio of measured and estimated spleen length was calculated. Based on binary regression analysis results, the LS value-spleen ratio to platelet score (LSRPS) was calculated as follows: 0.027×LS value (kPa)+2.690×measured/estimated spleen ratio-0.011×platelet count (cells×10 9 /L)-4.215. The area under the receiver operating characteristic of the LSRPS for VNT was 0.820, which was significantly higher than 0.797 of LS value-spleen diameter to platelet ratio score (LSPS) (p=0.006).Conclusions: Spleen length is influenced by age, sex, and body mass index in the Asian population. The LSRPS using the measured/estimated spleen ratio had higher diagnostic accuracy than LSPS in predicting VNT in patients with cACLD.

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A comparison of spleen size measured by ultrasound in a random population sample and a matched sample of patients at a university hospital, and the determination of normal values and influencing factors

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Preoperative splenic area as a prognostic biomarker of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer

Preoperative splenic area as a prognostic biomarker of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer

Assessment of nomogram model for the prediction of esophageal variceal hemorrhage in hepatitis B-induced hepatic cirrhosis

Age, Sex, and Body Mass Index Should Be Considered When Assessing Spleen Length in Patients with Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease

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