A Comparison of Spray-Drying and Freeze-Drying for the Production of Stable Silybin Nanosuspensions

Abstract

Spray-drying and freeze-drying are effective approaches to improve the long-term stability of nanosuspensions. This research explored the effect of spray-drying and freeze-drying techniques on PVP K30-stabilized silybin nanosuspensions. The morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM): The spray-dried sample was spherical, and the freeze-dried samples were rodlike with smooth surfaces. The redispersibility was studied via dynamic light scattering (DLS): The size, PDI, and zeta of the spray-dried sample were 133.27 nm, 0.214, and 24.37 mV, respectively; the size, PDI, and zeta of the freeze-dried sample were 298.70 nm, 0.114, and 20.98 mV, respectively. The in vitro dissolution was studied, and the two dry powders showed a significant increase compared to silybin. The two dried powders had better long-term stability than the liquid starting material. Overall, spray-drying and freeze-drying are appropriate drying methods for the preparation of silybin nanosuspensions with better stability and dissolution velocity.

Physicochemical and Morphological Properties of European Cranberrybush Powder Manufactured by Freeze Drying

“…In addition, the disadvantages of this process are inadequate drying, spoiling due to wind, rain, dust and moisture, the encroachment of insects, rodents and birds and fungal growth (Purohit et al, 2006;Sharma et al, 2009). Therefore, artificial drying systems are preferred for several reasons (Erbay and Küçüköner, 2008) When comparing drying methods, freeze-drying, also called lyophilization, is the best preservation method with the application of primary drying/ice sublimation and drying/desorption of unfrozen water (Ma et al, 2020). Additionally, sublimation processing under vacuum at low temperatures minimizes enzymatic and nonenzymatic browning reactions, biological activities, texture, aroma and nutritional values of foods (Dirim et al, 2015).…”

The Study of Spray-Freeze-Drying Technique for Development of Novel Combination pMDIs, Part II: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations

“…12 If a transformation from amorphous to crystallization occurs, the density of the microparticles will increase and the geometric particle size may also change, which in turn affects the aerodynamic particle size. 13 DSC results of SFD APIs showed that the microparticles had an exothermic peak for MF crystallization (►Fig. 3); however, the PXRD results showed no characteristic diffraction peaks (►Fig.…”

Pharmaceutical Nanoparticles Formation and Their Physico-Chemical and Biomedical Properties

“…Cryochemical methods of synthesis and modification of drug nanoparticles are based on the combination of the processes of evaporation or sublimation of a drug substance by heating under vacuum conditions, followed by condensation of the drug molecular vapor at support surfaces cooled to cryogenic temperatures (77-100 K) [56,57] (Figure 7). Another powerful cryogenic technology is the spray freeze-drying technique of frozen water or mixed water-organic solutions of drug substances under vacuum conditions [56,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] Supercritical technologies have been shown to reduce the particle size of Fenofibrate down to 1.8-8.33 µ m compared to untreated Fenofibrate (24.2 ± 0.8 µ m) [51]. Supercritical anti-solvent technology was utilized to reduce the particle size of Betamethasone [52], Myricetin [53], and Luteolin [54].…”

“…Cryochemical methods of synthesis and modification of drug nanoparticles are based on the combination of the processes of evaporation or sublimation of a drug substance by heating under vacuum conditions, followed by condensation of the drug molecular vapor at support surfaces cooled to cryogenic temperatures (77-100 K) [56,57] (Figure 7). Another powerful cryogenic technology is the spray freeze-drying technique of frozen water or mixed water-organic solutions of drug substances under vacuum conditions [56,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] (Figure 8). The use of low temperatures enables the reduction in drug substance particles down to the nanoscale and stabilization of metastable crystal structures, allowing the creation of new polymorphic crystal modifications of known drug substances.…”