A Comparison of Statistical Methods for Age-related Reference Intervals

Wright, E. M.; Royston, Patrick

doi:10.1111/1467-985x.00045

Cited by 98 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…To our knowledge, these are the first NS-specific growth references in an Asian population. They were constructed by the LMS method, which we believe to be one of the most widely applied approaches (23). The LMS method is applicable to not only cross-sectional data but also longitudinal data, if all subjects were measured broadly and the number of measurements per individual did not reflect the growth charts (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth references for Japanese individuals with Noonan syndrome

et al. 2015

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Background: Noonan syndrome (NS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous syndrome characterized by distinctive facial features, short stature, congenital heart diseases, and other comorbidities. NS-specific growth charts are essential for NS care, but currently no such charts are available for Asian populations. Methods:We conducted a nationwide survey by collaborating with three academic societies in Japan. We obtained the data of 356 clinically diagnosed NS subjects from 20 hospitals. The Lambda-Mu-Sigma method was used for establishing growth charts. results: A total of 308 subjects (males: 159 and females: 149) were analyzed after excluding 48 subjects because of missing auxological data (26 subjects), presence of complications affecting growth (5 subjects), and extreme longitudinal growth aberrations which lay more than three standard deviation scores from the mean in this population (17 subjects). Genetic analyses were performed in 150 patients (48.7%); 103 (68.7%) were reported to have some abnormalities in the known causative genes. Cardiovascular diseases were found in 256 patients (83.1%). The NS-specific height, weight, and BMI charts were constructed with 3,249 mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional measurements. conclusion: Growth standards for Japanese individuals with NS were established. These charts are expected to be used in various clinical settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth references for Japanese individuals with Noonan syndrome

et al. 2015

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“…Accordingly, we believe that new Japanese references have been successfully produced and can be adequately used from birth to senescence. The newly established reference values were constructed by the LMS method with all subjects together, which we believe is one of the most widely applicable approaches for age-related reference intervals [36]. There were three reasons for our adopting the LMS method to construct the reference charts, although other investigators have used other statistical methods such as the polynominal equation model [29] and quantile regression model [33].…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When we utilize these references to analyze many measurements, SDS is very useful for both clinical management and research purposes. The third reason was that in the LMS method maximum penalized likelihood was used to estimate the age-related curves for each of L, M, and S by natural cubic splines, which indicated that subjective grouping step was removed and the curve fitting across age was controlled directly by the values of equivalent degrees of freedom for three smoothing parameters [36]. Actually, adopting the LMS method with all subjects together which included adequate number of subjects for smoothing centile curves, we could represent the rapid decline from puberty to early adulthood smoothly in the newly established centile curves, compared with those established in the previous studies [10,[28][29][30][31], although numbers of subjects around 16 years of age were very small.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized centile curves and reference intervals of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels in a normal Japanese population using the LMS method

et al. 2012

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“…A variety of statistical techniques for constructing age-specific reference values are available (27). Previous comparable studies investigating reference values for streptococcal serology have used nonparametric calculations by pooling data by age group and calculating an 80th centile cutoff value for each of the age groups (7,9).…”

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Normal Ranges of Streptococcal Antibody Titers Are Similar Whether Streptococci Are Endemic to the Setting or Not

Steer

Vidmar

Ritika

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Group A streptococcal (GAS) serology is used for the diagnosis of post-streptococcal diseases, such as acute rheumatic fever, and occasionally for the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis. Experts recommend that the upper limits of normal for streptococcal serology be determined for individual populations because of differences in the epidemiology of GAS between populations. Therefore, we performed a study to determine the values of the upper limit of normal for anti-streptolysin O (ASO) and anti-DNase B (ADB) titers in Fiji. Participants with a history of GAS disease, including pharyngitis or impetigo, were excluded. A total of 424 serum samples from people of all ages (with a sample enriched for school-aged children) were tested for their ASO and ADB titers. Reference values, including titers that were 80% of the upper limit of normal, were obtained by regression analysis by use of a curve-fitting method instead of the traditional nonparametric approach. Normal values for both the ASO titer and the ADB titer rose sharply during early childhood and then declined gradually with age. The estimated titers that were 80% of the upper limit or normal at age 10 years were 276 IU/ml for ASO and 499 IU/ml for ADB. Data from our study are similar to those found in countries with temperate climates, suggesting that a uniform upper limit of normal for streptococcal serology may be able to be applied globally.Streptococcal antibody tests are used for the diagnosis of antecedent infections caused by the group A streptococcus (GAS) and are particularly useful for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Acute rheumatic fever is an autoimmune disease that follows infection with GAS; however, the isolation of GAS is uncommon (Ͻ15%), and so confirmation of the diagnosis often relies on streptococcal antibody tests (13). While a number of tests utilize different antigens of GAS, the most frequently performed tests are those that determine the anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titer and the anti-DNase B (ADB) titer (8,18). Ideally, it is recommended that the titer be determined in the acute phase and then determined in the convalescent phase 14 to 28 days later, with a positive result defined as a rise in titer of twofold or more (26). However, it is not always practicable to obtain a second sample for titer determination, particularly in developing countries, where acute rheumatic fever is the most common. Therefore, it is generally accepted that if only a single specimen is available, a titer greater than the upper limit of normal at the initial testing can be considered presumptive evidence of a preceding streptococcal infection (10, 12, 26).The upper limit of normal for streptococcal serology has been defined by separating the upper 20% from the lower 80% of the group distribution in a dichotomous fashion (4,12,26). The choice of the 80th centile cutoff rather than more traditional upper-limit-of-normal calculations (e.g., 2 standard deviations from the mean) is based upon studies that ...

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A Comparison of Statistical Methods for Age-related Reference Intervals

Cited by 98 publications

References 55 publications

Growth references for Japanese individuals with Noonan syndrome

Growth references for Japanese individuals with Noonan syndrome

Standardized centile curves and reference intervals of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels in a normal Japanese population using the LMS method

Normal Ranges of Streptococcal Antibody Titers Are Similar Whether Streptococci Are Endemic to the Setting or Not

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