A comparison of supplemental calcium soap of palm fatty acids versus tallow in a corn-based finishing diet for feedlot steers

Abstract

Rumen bypass fat is commonly added to increase energy intake in dairy cattle. The objective of this study is to examine the addition of rumen bypass fat during finishing period on performance and carcass characteristics in grain fed steers. This study was conducted as a completely randomized block design with 126 cross-bred steer calves (initial BW 471.5 ± 7.5 kg) randomly assigned to pens with 9 steers/pen (n = 7 pens/treatment). Each pen was randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups; rumen bypass fat treatment (CCS, calcium soap of palm fatty acids) and control diet (CT, tallow). The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Animals were fed twice daily at 110 % of the previous daily ad libitum intake. Blood from each sample was taken from the jugular vein. Muscle and adipose samples were collected from the longissimus dorsi regions. Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics were assessed. To examine adipogenic gene expression, quantitative real-time PCR was completed. Steers fed the CT had a greater level of performance for most of the parameters measured. The CT group had greater DMI (P < 0.05) and tended to have greater ADG (P < 0.10). Marbling score (P < 0.05) and quality grade (P < 0.05) were greater for steers fed the CT diet than those fed CCS. The longissimus muscle area tended to be greater (P < 0.10) in steers fed CT (87.60 cm2) than those fed CCS (84.88 cm2). The leptin mRNA expression was down-regulated (P < 0.05) in adipose tissue of steers fed a CCS when compared to those fed CT. These data suggest that calcium soap of palm fatty acids can be added to finishing diets without significant reduction in final body weight, although there may be modest reductions in marbling and quality scores.

Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Content and NMR Metabolic Profile of Dorper Sheep Supplemented with Bypass Fats

“…Similar observations were reported in the liver and foreshank muscles of sheep [72]. The concentrations of stearic acid (C18:0) in LD muscle and liver with RBF supplementation did not significantly differ, which was in agreement with the study reported by Warner et al [4] who observed similar concentration of C18:0 with RBF supplementation in LD muscle in cattle. However, the concentration of C18:0 could not have any negative effect on the meat as, when consumed by humans, C18:0 is transformed into C18:1n-9, a fatty acid that does not carry any cardiovascular risks [76].…”

“…In the last few years, there has been increasing interest in enriching unsaturated fatty acids (FA) and reducing saturated FA levels in ruminant products. Supplementation of rumen bypass fat has been one of the methods used for this modification [4]. Previous studies [5,6] conducted on dietary lipids have revealed that the addition of unprotected fats in ruminant diets has negligible influence on FA composition due to the biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA by microbes in the rumen.…”

Effect supplementation of black soldier fly larvae oil (Hermetia illucens L.) calcium salt on performance, blood biochemical profile, carcass characteristic, meat quality, and gene expression in fat metabolism broilers

“…Second, changing liquid oil into flour (calcium salt form) can make the feed's texture dustier. Warner et al (2015) reported that calcium soap from long-chain fatty acids could reduce the acceptability of feed for livestock. The smell and taste of calcium soap can reduce the palatability of the feed so that it can reduce feed intake.…”

Effects of maternal protein supplementation and inclusion of rumen‐protected fat in the finishing diet on nutrient digestibility and expression of intestinal genes in Nellore steers

“…Moreover, the use of calcium salts of fatty acids may allow lipid use without deleterious effects on rumen, reported when high amounts of unprotected sources are fed (Palmquist & Mattos, ). Supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can also regulate the gene expression in muscle (Hiller, Hocquette, Cassar‐Malek, Nuernberg, & Nuernberg, ) and adipose tissue (Warner et al, ) through changes in transcription factors (Waters, Kelly, O'Boyle, Moloney, & Kenny, ). Although PUFA are known to up‐regulate CD36 (Van Schothorst et al, ) and fatty acid‐binding protein ( FABP ) expression in small intestinal of rats (Niot, Poirier, & Besnard, ), their effects on gene expression in the GIT of cattle are not well elucidated yet, even more if we consider its direct effect and/or possible epigenetic changes due to the maternal nutrition.…”