A Comparison of Surface Tension, Viscosity, and Density of Sn and Sn–Ag Alloys Using Different Measurement Techniques

Gąsior

et al. 2014

Metall Mater Trans A

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Physicochemical properties like density, surface tension, and viscosity of liquid binary Al-Li and Li-Zn alloys have been measured using draining crucible method. The experimentally measured surface-tension values have been compared to theoretical results based either on the Butler model or the compound formation model assuming the existence of the most favored A 1 B 2 and A 2 B 3 clusters. Several models for viscosity calculation have been also applied and discussed in confrontation with measured data. Finally, the clustering effects in the liquid Al-Li and Li-Zn alloys have been examined using two microscopic functions, i.e., the concentration fluctuation function in the long-wavelength limit and the Warren-Cowley short-range order parameter.

“…The complete mathematical description of DC method is given elsewhere. [25][26][27]32] The volumetric flow Q in dimensionless form is written:…”

Section: A Draining Crucible Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Draining Crucible Methods (Dc): Density Surface Tension mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk and Surface Properties of Liquid Al-Li and Li-Zn Alloys

Trybula

Gąsior

et al. 2014

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…The electrical and electronics industries have developed replacements using the addition of alloying elements to lead-free and tin-based soft solder that melts at 503 K (230°C). [1][2][3][4][5] However, the automotive and cooling industries have used solders with higher melting points. [6] Therefore, an important task is to develop new solders with appropriate wetting properties, melting points, mechanical strength, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cu Addition to Zn-12Al Alloy on Thermal Properties and Wettability on Cu and Al Substrates

Pstruś

Mosińska

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans A

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TOMASZ GANCARZ, JANUSZ PSTRUS´, SYLWIA MOSIŃ SKA, and SYLWIA PAWLAK The thermal properties, electrical resistivity, thermal linear expansion and tensile strength of a new high-temperature lead-free solder based on a eutectic Zn-Al alloy with 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 at. pct Cu added were studied. Wettability studies on Cu substrate were performed with flux at 773 K (500°C) for 60, 180, 240, 900, 1800, and 3600 seconds, and for 480 seconds at 733 K, 753 K, 773 K, 793 K, and 823 K (460°C, 480°C, 500°C, 520°C, and 550°C, respectively). The experiment was designed to demonstrate the effect of the addition of Cu on the kinetics of the formation and growth of the CuZn, Cu 5 Zn 8 , CuZn 4 , and Al 4 Cu 9 phases, which were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. Wetting tests were also performed on the Al substrate, for 15 and 30 seconds at 773 K and 793 K (500°C and 520°C, respectively). Very low contact angles on Al pads were obtained. The electrical resistivity of Zn-Al-Cu alloys was slightly higher than that of the ZnAl eutectic alloy. The present results are discussed with respect to the available literature on Zn-Al and Zn-Al-Cu alloys.

“…For measurements of surface tension, density, and viscosity, the discharge crucible (DC) method was used. 23,24 The study was conducted in a glovebox under a protective atmosphere of 99.9999% pure argon, where the volume concentration of O 2 and H 2 O was less than 1 ppm. The atmosphere provided by this equipment ensures that the tests were carried out under stable and repeatable conditions.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2), the composition dependence of the density is not linear, as in the case of the activity of Zn in Sb-Sn-Zn alloys. 23 The density data for the binary alloys are taken from Ref. 25 The observed ternary alloys showed positive deviation from the ideal molar volume.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Properties of Sb-Sn-Zn Alloys

2014

Journal of Elec Materi

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In this work, liquid Sb-Sn-Zn alloys were studied to determine their density, viscosity, and surface tension using the discharge crucible method. The measurements were carried out for alloy compositions having X Sn /X Sb ratio of 1, 3, 4, and 9 and Zn content X Zn of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.7 in the temperature range from 550 K to 1050 K. The effect of the Zn concentration in the Sb-SnZn alloys on their density, viscosity, and surface tension was observed. Over a wide temperature range, the viscosity and surface tension increased with increasing Zn content in the alloy, while the density decreased. The experimental results obtained for surface tension and viscosity were compared with the results of the Butler model for surface tension and with the MoelwynHughes, Sichen-Boygen-Seetharaman, Seetharaman-Sichen, Kozlov-Romanov-Petrov, and Kaptay models for viscosity.