A Comparison of the Effects of Liquid Ammonia and Sodium Hydroxide Treatments on the Accessibility of Wood Pulp

Wadsworth, Larry C.; Cuculo, John A.; Hudson, Sam

doi:10.1177/004051757904900709

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…The enhancement in cotton accessibility by ammonia and caustic mercerization has been reported by Rousselle et al. [13] and later by Wadsworth and co-workers [14].…”

Section: Effect Of Pretreatment On Repellencymentioning

confidence: 60%

Effects of Differential Foam Application of Durable Press and Fluorochemical Finishes to Cotton Fabric

Wadsworth

Wey

1988

Journal of Coated Fabrics

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In this study, the effects of differential foam application of durable press (DP) and fluorochemical (FC) finishes to cotton fabrics were investigated. Two different degrees of preparatory finishing of 100% cotton print cloth were evaluated: bleaching only (BL), and bleaching followed by caustic mercerization and liquid ammonia treatment (BL-CM/AT). The two pretreated fabrics were finished separately by oneand two-sided foam applications at 25% wet pick-up with various levels of FC (0 75, 1.00, and 1.25%) and fixed DMDHEU resin (4.00%) add-on, and at 21% wet pickup with 1.00% FC/3.80% DMDHEU add-on. Performance properties (water and oil repellency, wrinkle recovery, and durable press appearance rating) of foam finished cotton fabrics were examined.One-sided foam application of FC and DP finishes resulted in excellent water and oil repellency on the applied side while leaving the nonapplied side absorbent. At the same time similar durable press properties were obtained on both sides. At corresponding chemical add-ons with the one-sided foam application technique, the combination pretreatment (BL-CM/AT) resulted in slightly higher water and oil repellency values. There was no clear trend with two-sided foam treatments indicating that degree of fabric preparation was not as important with the two-sided foam technique. As was expected, both oil and water repellency increased as the fluorochemical add-on increased with the highest average water spray ratings of 90.0 and oil drop ratings of 5.0 being attained with the 1.25% FC/4.00% DMDHEU treatment.

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“…The enhancement in cotton accessibility by ammonia and caustic mercerization has been reported by Rousselle et al. [13] and later by Wadsworth and co-workers [14].…”

Section: Effect Of Pretreatment On Repellencymentioning

confidence: 60%

Effects of Differential Foam Application of Durable Press and Fluorochemical Finishes to Cotton Fabric

Wadsworth

Wey

1988

Journal of Coated Fabrics

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Einfluß einer aktivierenden Vorbehandlung mit Ammoniak oder Ethylendiamin auf die enzymatische Hydrolse von Linterscellulose

et al. 1981

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DDR -1530 Teltow Der zeitliche Verlauf des enzymatischen Abbaues von Linterscellulose d t Gliocladium spec. nach Vorbehandlung mit flussigem NH, bzw. rnit Ethylendiamin-HaO-Gemischen (%yo, 96% bzw. 98% EDA) und unterschiedlichen nachfolgenden Behandlungsschritten wird uber eine Bestimmung von Ruckstandmenge und Ruckstand-DP untersucht. Die Ergebnisse bestatigen die Bedeutung des Quellungszustandes fur die Abbaubarkeit und deuten darauf hin, daD dem Gittertyp als solchem dabei allenfalls eine untergeordnete Rolle zukommt. Bmuwue npedeapumeJzanoii alwnueupywqeli 06pa6oml~u aeJcunma mauaxoa UJGU a m w n~u m u n o A na e2o ammamu-VeCiEuii zuaponuaHYTeM OIIpeAeJIeHHR KOJIUW?CTBa U cn OCTaTKa OT mApOJIH6a H6yWJIaCb HElHeTEiKa aH6UMaTWIeCKOfi AeCTpyKqkfH ?KUAKHM aMMHaKOM HJIH CMeCIIMH aTHJIeHWElMHHa (3AA) C BOAOfi (75,96 HJIH 98% aAA) IIpH PaaJIUYHbIX nocneply-EenHma. r a~p o m i a n p o~o~~a c r r c HCIIOJIb6OBaIiUeM Gliocladium spec. nome npewapnTeJIbHofi 0 6 p a 6 0~~u I O~H X 0 6 p a 6 o~~a x . IIonyseHHne peayawram IIOATBepWWIOT aHaqeme ~a6yxmero COCTOIIHUII AJIII AOCTYIIHOCTH MaTepuana OTnocwrenbHo J(eCTpYKLWU u yKaaHBmT H a TO, TO THII perueTKH npu @TOM B KpaltHeM caysae HrpaeT Effect of an activating pretreatment by ammonia or ethylene diamine on the encymatic hydrolysis of linters celluloseThe time-dependence of the encymatic degradation of linters cellulose by Gliocladium spec. after pretreatment with liquid ammonia or ethylene diamine/HaO mixtures (75, 96 or 98% EDA) and various subsequent treatments was investigated by determining the residual amount and the residual DP. The results indicate the effect of the state of swelling on the degradation process and suggest the kind of lattice t o be of minor importance.BTOpOCTeIIeHHyH, POJIb .

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Effects of ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate on cotton fabric

Bober

Cuculo

Tucker

1987

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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SynopsisThe effect of ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate (NH,/NH,SCN) treatment of the swelling behavior, structural changes, and physical properties of cotton sheeting was compared with that of sodium hydroxide and liquid ammonia mercerization. Increased percent shrinkage, accessibility to a large dye molecule, dyestuff absorption, swelling with water, and water imbibition showed that NH,/NH,SCN had improved the accessibility of the cotton fabric. X-ray diffractogram showed the characteristic Cellulose I crystal lattice. X-ray diffraction and infrared absorption spectroscopy indicated that the crystallite size was unchanged and the swelling from the NH,/NH,SCN treatment occurred in the amorphous regions of the cellulose since the observed crystal structure was unchanged. Moisture regain determinations and barium hydroxide absorption suggested that some recrystallization of the cellulose may have occurred from the NH,/NH,SCN treatment. Fibers treated with NH,/NH,SCN showed a cross sectional shape similar to that of the original fibers but with reduced lumen area.'Present address:

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A Comparison of the Effects of Liquid Ammonia and Sodium Hydroxide Treatments on the Accessibility of Wood Pulp

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of Differential Foam Application of Durable Press and Fluorochemical Finishes to Cotton Fabric

Effects of Differential Foam Application of Durable Press and Fluorochemical Finishes to Cotton Fabric

Einfluß einer aktivierenden Vorbehandlung mit Ammoniak oder Ethylendiamin auf die enzymatische Hydrolse von Linterscellulose

Effects of ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate on cotton fabric

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