A comparison of the fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols in adipose tissue from Limousin and Jersey cattle

The objective of this work was to examine the effect of different levels of grazing on muscle nutritional fatty acid (FA) profile, including the beneficial n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and cis-9, trans-11 (cis-9, trans-11) 18:2 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Thirty male Galician Blond (GB) breed calves were randomly assigned to the following three grazing treatments: (1) continuous pasture grazing for 250 days (P); (2) 197-day grazing followed by a 50-day short period of concentrate-based finishing (PC) and (3) 57-day grazing followed by a 165-day long period of concentrate-based finishing (C). Calves kept sucking their mothers up to the time of slaughter. The slaughter weight was similar for all treatments (about 330 kg). Samples of the longissimus thoracis muscle were used for assessment of chemical composition by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy and FA profiles by gas chromatography. Muscle from C calves was fatter and had higher content in total FA, monounsaturated FA (MUFA), cis-9 18:1 than muscle from P calves, whereas PC muscle had generally intermediate values. No significant treatment difference for total saturated FAs (SFA) was found. Content of potentially beneficial n-3 PUFA (18:3n-3, 20:3n-3, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3), cis-9, trans-11 CLA and n-6:n-3 ratio were lower and PUFA : SFA ratio were higher in P than in both C and PC calves. Calves fed exclusively on pasture synthesised higher amounts of beneficial FA than calves finished on concentrate. A 50-day period of concentrate-based finishing was sufficient to offset the synthesis of beneficial FA from pasture grazing.

Section: Sfasupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Sfasupporting

confidence: 90%

The effect of grazing on the fatty acid profile of longissimus thoracis muscle in Galician Blond calves

Moreno¹,

Varela²,

Portela³

et al. 2007

“…Fatty acid results were expressed as percentage of the area (%) obtained using Chromquest 4.1 software (Thermo Electron, Milan, Italy). The Δ 9 desaturase and elongase enzymatic activities were determined as described by Malau-Aduli et al (1997), using mathematical indices. The atherogenicity index was calculated according to Ulbricht and Southgate (1991) as an indicator for risk of cardiovascular disease.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid profile and meat quality of young bulls fed ground soybean or ground cottonseed and vitamin E

Neto

Chizzotti

Ramos

et al. 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid profile and qualitative characteristics of meat from feedlot young bulls fed ground soybean or ground cottonseed, with or without supplementation of vitamin E. A total of 40 Red Norte young bulls, with an initial average age of 20 months, and an initial average BW of 339 ± 15 kg, were allotted in a completely randomized design using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two oilseeds, and daily supplementation or not of 2500 IU of vitamin E. The experimental period was for 84 days, which was preceded by an adaptation period of 28 days. The treatments were ground soybean (SB), ground soybean plus vitamin E (SBE), ground cottonseed (CS) and ground cottonseed plus vitamin E (CSE). The percentage of cottonseed and soybean in the diets (dry matter basis) was 24% and 20%, respectively. Diets were isonitrogenous (13% CP) and presented similar amount of ether extract (6.5%). The animals were slaughtered at average live weight of 464 ± 15 kg, and samples were taken from the longissimus dorsi muscle for the measurement of fatty acid concentration and the evaluation of lipid oxidation and color of the beef. Before fatty acid extraction, muscle tissue and subcutaneous fat of the longissimus dorsi were separated to analyze fatty acid profile in both tissues. Supplementation of vitamin E did not affect fatty acid concentration, lipid oxidation and color (P > 0.05). Subcutaneous fat from animals fed CS diet had greater C12:0, C16:0 and C18:0 contents (P < 0.03). In addition, CS diets reduced the C18:1 and C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 contents in subcutaneous fat (P < 0.05). The muscle from animals fed CS tended to higher C16:0 and C18:0 contents (P < 0.11), and decreased C18:1, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 and C18:3 contents (P < 0.05) compared with SB. The Δ 9 -desaturase index was greater in muscle from animals fed SB (P < 0.01). At 42 days of age, meat from cattle fed SB had a greater lipid oxidation rate (P < 0.05). Meat from animals fed SB diets had less lightness and redness indices than meat from animals fed CS diets after 14 days of age. In conclusion, the addition of ground cottonseed in the finishing diets did increase the saturated fatty acid content of the longissimus dorsi. However, animals fed cottonseed exhibited greater lightness and redness of beef. In this study, the addition of vitamin E did not affect qualitative characteristics of meat.

“…Stearoyl-CoA desaturase is a non-specific enzyme responsible for conversion of mainly saturated FA (C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0) into monounsaturated FA via the introduction of a double bond at the delta-9-cis position of the saturated FA. An index of the activity of this enzyme can be calculated using the product/ (substrate1product) ratio (Malau-Aduli et al, 1997).…”

Section: Milk Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FA composition was analysed by gas chromatography after lipid extraction and methylation according to Bas et al (2005). Stearoyl-CoA desaturase indexes were calculated according to Malau-Aduli et al (1997).…”

Section: Muscle Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and safety of bovine clones and their products

Heyman

Chavatte‐Palmer

Fromentin³

et al. 2007

A multidisciplinary research programme was developed to get a scientific expertise for the quality assessment of products obtained from cloned livestock. Thirty-seven bovine Holstein female clones of five different genotypes and their products were analysed in comparison with 38 control animals obtained by conventional artificial insemination and raised under the same conditions at the same experimental farm. Animal evaluation included over 150 criteria and more than 10 000 measurements to check the physiological status and health over a 3-year period. All the parameters studied were in the normal range for age and breed, but some significant differences were detected between clone and control groups in terms of delayed onset of puberty in clones, higher neutrophil counts in haematology or lower biochemical plasma concentrations of gamma glutamyl transferase. Milk and meat analyses were conformable to expected values. We, however, found some differences in fatty acid (FA) composition of milk and muscle suggesting a possible deviation in lipid metabolism as assessed by higher delta-9 desaturase activity indexes in both milk and muscles from clones compared with controls. Repeated muscle biopsies in the semitendinosus muscle of the same animals demonstrated a higher oxidative activity in muscle of young clones (8 months of age) compared with controls, suggesting a delayed muscle maturation in clones. Nutritional evaluation of milk and meat using the rat feeding trials did not show any difference between clone and control products for food intake, growth rate, body composition of the rats, nor for possible allergenicity. Possible reactivation of bovine endogenous retroviruses (BERVs) was analysed and compared between normal and cloned cattle. As expected, these BERV sequences are not transcribed and no RNA was detected in the blood of clones, donor animals or controls; therefore, it may be assumed that the sanitary risk associated with BERV sequences is not higher in cattle derived from somatic nuclear transfer than in cattle born from conventional reproduction. Our results confirm that the quality and safety of products (milk and meat) from adult and clinically healthy cloned cattle is globally similar to normal animals. However, from a strictly biological point of view, the slightly delayed maturation we observed in the muscle of clones together with some marginal differences identified in FA composition of both muscle and milk, point to the need for more refined analysis to totally exclude any risks from the consumption of those products.