A Comparison of the Home and Social Environments of Children of Alcoholic and Non‐alcoholic Parents

Reich, Wendy; Earls, Felton J.; Powell, Jack L.

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00518.x

Cited by 124 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The literature on children of alcoholics documents the clustering in these high-risk families of nonalcohol-specifi c risk factors for offspring alcohol-related problems, including numerous indicators of an unstable home environment also linked to risk for CSA. Among these are high levels of confl ict and disorganization in the family, marital distress, and low cohesion among family members (Hussong and Chassin, 1997;Jacob and Leonard, 1994;Reich et al, 1988;West and Prinz, 1987). In such an overall dysfunctional environment, parents are less likely to provide the support and monitoring that serve as protective factors against exposure to CSA and other adverse events.…”

Section: Risk Factors Common To Csa and Alcohol-related Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the Complex Association Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Alcohol-Related Problems: A Review of Methodological Issues and Approaches

Sartor

Agrawal

McCutcheon

et al. 2008

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. This review describes and evaluates methodological approaches aimed at unraveling the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and later misuse of alcohol, which is complicated by the signifi cant overlap between factors that elevate risk for CSA exposure and those that increase risk for problem alcohol use. We critique methods used to distinguish direct effects of CSA events on alcohol-related outcomes from the effects of risk factors frequently present in families in which CSA exposure occurs (e.g., parental alcohol-related problems). These methods include measurement and adjustment for potentially confounding factors and the use of co-twin designs. The fi ndings across methodological approaches provide support for a CSA-specifi c risk for alcohol misuse, despite the signifi cant contribution of family background factors to overall risk, but much work remains to be done before a comprehensive model for this association can be proposed. Additional directions for research, including the incorporation of measured genes and the use of longitudinal designs, are proposed to further efforts to model the pathways from CSA to alcohol-related problems. (J. Stud.

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Section: Risk Factors Common To Csa and Alcohol-related Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the Complex Association Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Alcohol-Related Problems: A Review of Methodological Issues and Approaches

Sartor

Agrawal

McCutcheon

et al. 2008

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…The family environment of children of alcoholics may be an important factor in the development of inattention/hyperactivity. For instance, Reich, Earls, and Powell (1988) found that the home environment of children of alcoholics was characterized by increased marital conflict and parent-child conflict. However, marital conflict is also associated with child antisocial behaviors (Grych & Fincham, 2001) and specificity to ADHD symptoms again remains unclear because of mixed findings across studies (Johnston & Mash, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inattention/hyperactivity and aggression from early childhood to adolescence: Heterogeneity of trajectories and differential influence of family environment characteristics

Jester

Nigg

Adams

et al. 2005

Develop. Psychopathol.

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In attention/hyperactivity and aggressive behavior problems were measured in 335 children from school entry throughout adolescence, at 3-year intervals. Children were participants in a high-risk prospective study of substance use disorders and comorbid problems. A parallel process latent growth model found aggressive behavior decreasing throughout childhood and adolescence, whereas inattentive/hyperactive behavior levels were constant. Growth mixture modeling, in which developmental trajectories are statistically classified, found two classes for inattention/hyperactivity and two for aggressive behavior, resulting in a total of four trajectory classes. Different influences of the family environment predicted development of the two types of behavior problems when the other behavior problem was held constant. Lower emotional support and lower intellectual stimulation by the parents in early childhood predicted membership in the high problem class of inattention/hyperactivity when the trajectory of aggression was held constant. Conversely, conflict and lack of cohesiveness in the family environment predicted membership in a worse developmental trajectory of aggressive behavior when the inattention/hyperactivity trajectories were held constant. The implications of these findings for the development of inattention/hyperactivity and for the development of risk for the emergence of substance use disorders are discussed.A cluster of child problems including inattention, disorganization, hyperactivity, and impulsivity present serious dilemmas for our society. These problems tend to co-occur and, when sufficiently severe, are diagnosed clinically as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000). Clinical diagnosis of ADHD is associated with serious impairment in multiple domains (Johnston, Murray, Hinshaw, Pelham, & Hoza, 2002) and risk for poor long-term outcome (Klein & Mannuzza, 1991) including development of later substance use disorders (Zucker & Gomberg, 1986). Treatment of attention problems and hyperactivity has led to increased rates of medication of children in the United States (Robison, Sclar, Skaer, & Galin, 1999) and associated controversy (Searight & McLaren, 1998). As a result, understanding the antecedents of these problems is an important priority.Yet the determinants of this cluster of childhood problems are far from well understood. Twin and adoption studies indicate that heritability of normal and severe levels of these behavior problems is substantial (Loney, Paternite, Schwartz, & Roberts, 1997) and neuropsychological correlates are becoming more clearly delineated (Nigg, 2001). At the same time, it is recognized that epigenetic processes, including family context effects, must also be better understood to NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript fully account for the developmental trajectory of these difficulties (Whalen & Henker, 1999). Indeed, even heritable processes are likely to exert at least part of the...

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“…Reich et al [10] found that children of alcoholics who reported positive relationships with their parents were in turn significantly less disturbed than children of alcoholics who did not experience positive relationships with their parents. Thus, future research should explore parent-child relationships and resiliency in order to design interventions that may assist in promoting better outcomes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parental addictions often result in or exacerbate other adverse childhood experiences such as parental divorce [7,10,11], parental unemployment [12], and household poverty [12]. Children raised by parents with addictions are also at increased risk for child abuse [5,7].…”

Section: International Journal Of Population Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between a History of Parental Addictions and Arthritis in Adulthood: Findings from a Representative Community Survey

Fuller‐Thomson

Liddycoat

Stefanyk

2014

International Journal of Population Research

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Aims. To examine the relationship between a history of parental addictions and the cumulative lifetime incidence of arthritis while controlling for age, sex, race, and four clusters of risk factors: (1) other adverse childhood experiences, (2) adult health behaviors (i.e., smoking, obesity, inactivity, and alcohol consumption), (3) adult socioeconomic status and (4) mental health. Materials and Methods. Secondary analysis of 13,036 Manitoba and Saskatchewan respondents of the population-based 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey. Sequential logistic regression analyses were conducted. Findings. After controlling for demographic characteristics, including age, gender, and race, respondents who reported a history of parental addictions had significantly higher odds of arthritis in comparison to individuals without (OR = 1.58; 95% CI 1.38-1.80). Adjustment for socioeconomic status, adult health behaviors, and mental health conditions had little impact on the parental addictions and arthritis relationship. The association between parental addictions and arthritis was substantially reduced when adverse childhood experiences (OR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.15-1.53) and all four groups of risk factors collectively (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.12-1.51) were included in the analyses; however, the relationship remained statistically significant. Conclusions. A robust association was found between parental addictions and cumulative lifetime incidence of arthritis. This link remained even when controlling for four groups of potential risk factors.

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A Comparison of the Home and Social Environments of Children of Alcoholic and Non‐alcoholic Parents

Cited by 124 publications

References 38 publications

Disentangling the Complex Association Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Alcohol-Related Problems: A Review of Methodological Issues and Approaches

Disentangling the Complex Association Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Alcohol-Related Problems: A Review of Methodological Issues and Approaches

Inattention/hyperactivity and aggression from early childhood to adolescence: Heterogeneity of trajectories and differential influence of family environment characteristics

The Association between a History of Parental Addictions and Arthritis in Adulthood: Findings from a Representative Community Survey

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