A Comparison of the in vitro Sensitivity of Gonococci to Penicillin with the Results of Treatment

Curtis, F. R.; Wilkinson, A. E.

doi:10.1136/sti.34.2.70

Cited by 62 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…They do not account for differences between organisms with regard to pathogenicity and virulence. In clinical studies (1,7,14,18,24,28), data have been analyzed only qualitatively (sensitive versus resistant, success versus failure, death versus survival). Since ultimate clinical outcome depends on many parameters besides in vitro susceptibility (4,20,23,25), such qualitative results do not allow specific examination of the impact of MIC on in vivo activity of antibiotics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between in vitro and in vivo activity of antimicrobial agents against gram-negative bacilli in a murine infection model

Fantin

Leggett

Ebert

et al. 1991

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We studied the relationship between in vitro susceptibility tests (MICs, MBCs) and in vivo activity of tobramycin, pefioxacin, ceftazidime, and imipenem against 15 gram-negative bacilli from five different species in a murine thigh infection model. Complete dose-response curves were determined for each antimicrobial agent against each strain, and three parameters of in vivo activity were defined: maximal attainable antimicrobial effect (i.e., reduction in log1o CFU per thigh compared with untreated controls) at 24 h (Em.), total dose required to reach 50% of maximal effect (PsO), and total dose required to achieve a bacteriostatic effect (static dose). Pefioxacin demonstrated the greatest E..| (P < 0.05). Tobramycin was the most potent antimicrobial agent, as indicated by its having the lowest static dose/MIC ratio (P < 0.002). Log1o Psos and static doses correlated significantly with loglo MICs or MBCs for the 15 strains of each antibiotic (P < 0.01) except imipenem (P > 0.50). The greater potency of imipenem against the three Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains than against strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.01) explained this lack of correlation. A longer duration of postantibiotic effect for imipenem against P. aeruginosa (P = 0.02) contributed to its increased potency against these strains. We conclude that in vitro susceptibility tests correlated well with in vivo activity in this animal model and that variations in potency among the four antimicrobial agents could be explained by differences in pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamic activity.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between in vitro and in vivo activity of antimicrobial agents against gram-negative bacilli in a murine infection model

Fantin

Leggett

Ebert

et al. 1991

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…DISCUSSION Selection of an antimicrobial agent for treatment of a specific infection is frequently based on differences in in vitro activities of possible agents against the causative pathogen. Early studies indicated that a favorable therapeutic outcome could be anticipated if the MIC of the agent was low, usually .3 ,ug/ml (1, 9), and if the concentration observed in serum exceeded the MIC for the infecting strain (8,20). A current recommendation is that the ratio of peak concentration in serum to MIC should be .8 for optimal therapeutic efficacy (11).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of in vitro activities of cephalothin and ceftazidime with their efficacies in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rabbits

Baker¹,

Fass²

1984

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rabbits with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis were treated with cephalothin or ceftazidime to determine whether differences in in vitro activity would result in differences in in vivo efficacy. Antibiotics were administered in doses equivalent to maximum recommended human doses, and results of laboratory tests to predict antimicrobial efficacy were determined during treatment. Cephalothin and ceftazidime MICs for the challenge strain were 0.5 and 8 ,ug/ml, respectively. MBCs were 32 and >128 ,ug/ml, respectively. With peak sera, laboratory results (means) for cephalothin and ceftazidime were as follows: ratios of concentration in serum to MIC, 300 and 16; ratios of concentration in serum to MBC, 4.8 and <1; bacteriostatic antibacterial activity titers in serum, 1:256 and 1:16; and bactericidal antibacterial activity titers in serum, 1:16 and 1:4, respectively. Trough sera contained little or no measurable antibiotic and had no antibacterial activity. Both cephalothin and ceftazidime were efficacious in the treatment of infected rabbits. There were no statistically significant differences in efficacy as defined by survival, eradication of bacteremia, or sterilization of cardiac vegetations. Results of laboratory tests which quantitated antimicrobial activity did not correlate with efficacy, either independent of antibiotic or adjusted for antibiotic. Despite their lesser in vitro activities, the new cephalosporins may be equivalent to the older cephalosporins for treating staphylococcal infections in humans, when administered in maximum recommended doses.

show abstract

“…Curtis & Wilkinson (1958) have suggested that a serum level of 1 unit/ml for not less than 24 hours is required if a suitable preparation of penicillin could be devised. On the other hand, Garson (1957) considered that 0.35 units/ml was sufficient, but suggested an exposure time of the gonococcus to the drug of 48 hours, on the basis of in vitro findings which suggested that the full gonococcicidal action of penicillin might not occur for 48 hours (Thayer et al, 1957b).…”

Section: Sensitivity Of the Gonococcus To Therapeutic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use of short-acting penicillins Workers in London, impressed with the need of higher penicillinaemia than has previously been considered necessary in both sexes, have considered that the quicker-and shorter-acting procaine penicillin should be used in single or double doses each of 0.6-1.2 mega-units in preference to repository preparations (e.g., Cradock-Watson et al, 1958;Curtis & Wilkinson, 1958;Willcox, 1959). While better results are obtained in the individual patient, it is also considered that the fostering of less sensitive strains in the community is probably reduced, as is the risk of producing asymptomatic carriers.…”

Section: Increased Doses Of Repository Penicillinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Treatment Problems of Gonorrhoea

Willcox¹

1961

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Comparison of the in vitro Sensitivity of Gonococci to Penicillin with the Results of Treatment

Cited by 62 publications

References 11 publications

Correlation between in vitro and in vivo activity of antimicrobial agents against gram-negative bacilli in a murine infection model

Correlation between in vitro and in vivo activity of antimicrobial agents against gram-negative bacilli in a murine infection model

Correlation of in vitro activities of cephalothin and ceftazidime with their efficacies in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rabbits

Treatment Problems of Gonorrhoea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About