A Comparison of the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine (with Epinephrine) and Their Equal Volume Mixtures with Lidocaine Used for Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Blocks: A Double-Blind Randomized Study

Abstract

Mixtures of long-acting local anesthetics with lidocaine induced faster onset blocks of decreased duration. Whether there is a safety benefit is unclear, as the benefit of a decreased concentration of long-acting local anesthetic may be offset by the presence of a significant plasma concentration of lidocaine.

A Prospective, Randomised, Double-Blind Comparative Clinical Study of 0.5% Bupivacaine and 0.75% Ropivacaine for Sciatic Nerve Block in Patients Undergoing Elective Below Knee Surgeries

“…Duration of motor block in our study was comparable with studies by Conolly et al, 12 Fanelli G, 23 Laura Bertini et al, 20 Vaghadia et al, 19 Misiolek et al, 24 Tripathi et al 22 and Chandini M. Soni et al 18 and there was no statistically significant difference between two of the study drugs.…”

“…At the end of one hour if patient did not develop sensory and motor anaesthesia, the block was considered inadequate 12 and patients were given General Anaesthesia. For statistical purposes, such patients were excluded.…”

“…12 In the post-operative period, the pain was assessed by visual analogue score and at a score of 5 patients were given analgesic like Inj. Diclofenac 75 mg and the study concluded at this point.…”

Ropivacaína, articaína ou combinação de ropivacaína e articaína em anestesia peridural para cesariana: estudo randomizado, prospectivo e duplo-cego

“…Magee et al 21 administered epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine alone or with bupivacaine-lidocaine mixture and found that combination group provides faster sensory block onset than bupivacaine alone, although their sensory block durations are similar. Cuvillon et al 24 compared bupivacaine and ropivacaine alone with equal volumes of bupivacaine-lidocaine and ropivacainelidocaine mixtures for femoral-sciatic nerve blockade. They also concluded that sensory block onset of action was faster in combination groups.…”

The Efficacy of Intra-Articular Injections for Pain Control Following the Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning of Pediatric Supracondylar Humeral Fractures

“…Studies of local analgesic concentration have concluded that epidural ropivacaine may be 60% less potent than bupivacaine during early labor 31,32 . During orthopaedic procedures involving the lower limb, however, both bupivacaine and ropivacaine regional blocks have been demonstrated to be equally effective for controlling postoperative pain [33][34][35] . Some authors have reported that, during pediatric tonsillectomies, peritonsillar infiltration of bupivacaine and ropivacaine are equally effective 36 , whereas others have reported that bupivacaine provides superior pain relief 37 .…”