A Comparison of the Recruitment Success of Introduced and Native Species Under Natural Conditions

Flores‐Moreno, Habacuc; Moles, Angela T.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072509

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…). These investigations documented widespread local adaptation in introduced species that surprisingly matches local adaptations of native species (Flores‐Moreno & Moles ; Oduor, Leimu & van Kleunen ) and materializes within a few generations (Williams, Kendall & Levine ). These rapid adaptations do not involve morphological features but more often physiological or chemical changes in response to climate, competitors, mutualists or natural enemies (Faillace & Morin ; Kilkenny & Galloway ; Colautti et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Pre-adaptation, phenotypic plasticity and rapid adaptation to novel growing locations for introduced plant species has received enormous attention by scientists in an attempt to explain their success (Sakai et al 2001;Richards et al 2006;Colautti & Barrett 2013;Dlugosch et al 2015). These investigations documented widespread local adaptation in introduced species that surprisingly matches local adaptations of native species (Flores-Moreno & Moles 2013;Oduor, Leimu & van Kleunen 2016) and materializes within a few generations (Williams, Kendall & Levine 2016). These rapid adaptations do not involve morphological features but more often physiological or chemical changes in response to climate, competitors, mutualists or natural enemies (Faillace & Morin 2016;Kilkenny & Galloway 2016;Colautti et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America

Blossey

Nuzzo²,

Dávalos

2017

Journal of Ecology

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Summary Local differences in climate conditions may facilitate rapid evolutionary changes in introduced plants to optimize timing of germination or ability to survive in seed banks, which may constitute beneficial demographic adaptations during range expansions. Understanding differences in germination requirements and emergence patterns across a species’ range is critical for demographic modelling and potential invasive species control efforts. We assessed germination responses of Alliaria petiolata using seeds collected from 10 populations spanning much of the North American distribution of the species. We compared germination responses under different stratification regimes in a growth chamber over 2·5 years, and evaluated seedling emergence in a common garden in Ithaca, New York over 13 years. We further evaluated how climate overlap between Ithaca and original collection sites influenced emergence patterns. In the laboratory, germination of all populations was similar and highest at 4 °C stratification. Seeds exposed to sub‐zero temperatures delayed germination and population responses were variable. In the common garden, seedlings from most populations emerged over 13 years, and emergence patterns were strongly influenced by population. Annual emergence was positively correlated with spring temperature and inversely correlated with number of spring days with minimum temperature below freezing. Climate overlap between the common garden and original collection location enhanced germination, but common garden climate conditions over the course of the 13‐year experiment and population identity had greater explanatory power. Synthesis. Laboratory germination tests did not reflect seedling emergence under field conditions. After 150 years of residence time in North America, Alliaria petiolata populations have developed striking differences in their responses to local climates and stratification requirements suggesting that a complex interplay of pre‐adaptation, rapid evolutionary changes, and phenotypic plasticity result in locally adapted populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America

Blossey

Nuzzo²,

Dávalos

2017

Journal of Ecology

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“…Lastly, traits influencing regeneration processes (i.e. dispersal/colonization, resprouting, germination, emergence) also have significant implications for population dynamics and community composition (Zeiter, Stampfli & Newbery, 2006;Donohue et al, 2010;Aicher, Larios & Suding, 2011;Flores-Moreno & Moles, 2013;Pakeman & Eastwood, 2013), but are not well represented in trait-based theoretical frameworks.…”

Section: (A) Response Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Holy Grail: using plant functional traits to understand ecological processes

et al. 2016

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One of ecology's grand challenges is developing general rules to explain and predict highly complex systems. Understanding and predicting ecological processes from species' traits has been considered a 'Holy Grail' in ecology. Plant functional traits are increasingly being used to develop mechanistic models that can predict how ecological communities will respond to abiotic and biotic perturbations and how species will affect ecosystem function and services in a rapidly changing world; however, significant challenges remain. In this review, we highlight recent work and outstanding questions in three areas: (i) selecting relevant traits; (ii) describing intraspecific trait variation and incorporating this variation into models; and (iii) scaling trait data to community- and ecosystem-level processes. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in the characterization of plant strategies based on traits and trait relationships, and the integration of traits into multivariate indices and models of community and ecosystem function. However, the utility of trait-based approaches in ecology will benefit from efforts that demonstrate how these traits and indices influence organismal, community, and ecosystem processes across vegetation types, which may be achieved through meta-analysis and enhancement of trait databases. Additionally, intraspecific trait variation and species interactions need to be incorporated into predictive models using tools such as Bayesian hierarchical modelling. Finally, existing models linking traits to community and ecosystem processes need to be empirically tested for their applicability to be realized.

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“…These results support the “join the locals” hypothesis, suggesting that across a gradient of canopy cover in forests of the upper Midwest, non‐native plants are successful because they share traits similar to those of resident plants and are therefore able thrive under local environmental conditions (Tecco et al., ). This also provides support to the idea that not all successful invaders are “super plants”—some may be successful simply by following the same strategies as successful native species (Flores‐Moreno & Moles, ). However, while non‐native plant traits fall within the range of native plants present in this system, there is some suggestion that they may possess traits toward the more acquisitive end of this range (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Invasive plants in Minnesota are “joining the locals”: A trait‐based analysis

Lodge

Whitfeld

Roth

2018

J Vegetation Science

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Questions:Predicting which newly arrived species will establish and become invasive is a problem that has long vexed researchers. In a study of cold temperate oak forest stands, we examined two contrasting hypotheses regarding plant functional traits to explain the success of certain non-native species. Under the "join the locals" hypothesis, successful invaders are expected to share traits with resident species because they employ successful growth strategies under light-limited understorey conditions. Instead, under the "try harder" hypothesis, successful invaders are expected to have traits different from native species in order to take advantage of unused niche space.Location: Minnesota, USA. Methods:We examined these two theories using 109 native and 11 non-native plants in 68 oak forest stands. We focused on traits related to plant establishment and growth, including specific leaf area (SLA), leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N), wood density, plant maximum height, mycorrhizal type, seed mass and growth form.We compared traits of native and non-native species using ordinations in multidimensional trait space and compared community-weighted mean (CWM) trait values across sites. Results:We found few differences between trait spaces occupied by native and nonnative species. Non-native species occupied smaller areas of trait space than natives, yet were within that of the native species, indicating similar growth strategies. We observed a higher proportion of non-native species in sites with higher native woody species CWM SLA and lower CWM C:N. Higher woody CWM SLA was observed in sites with higher soil pH, while lower CWM C:N was found in sites with higher light levels.Conclusions: Non-native plants in this system have functional traits similar to natives and are therefore "joining the locals." However, non-native plants may possess traits toward the acquisitive end of the native plant trait range, as evidenced by higher nonnative plant abundance in high-resource environments. K E Y W O R D SAlliaria petiolata, community-weighted mean, functional trait, invasive species, ordination, Rhamnus cathartica, specific leaf area, temperate forest, wood density | 747 Journal of Vegetation ScienceLODGE Et aL.

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A Comparison of the Recruitment Success of Introduced and Native Species Under Natural Conditions

Cited by 14 publications

References 74 publications

Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America

Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America

Revisiting the Holy Grail: using plant functional traits to understand ecological processes

Invasive plants in Minnesota are “joining the locals”: A trait‐based analysis

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