A comparison of the role of the motor cortex in recovery from cerebellar damage in young and adult rats

Smith, Rosemary J.; Parks, Thomas N.; Lynch, Gary

doi:10.1016/s0091-6773(74)91188-2

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, other studies have reported contradictory findings ( Aarsen et al , 2006 ; Aarsen et al , 2009 ). In agreement with these studies, pioneering observations, in animals, have shown that early hemicerebellectomies predict higher levels of functional deficits than late hemicerebellectomies ( Smith et al , 1974 ; Gramsbergen, 1982 ); although contradictory conclusions have been published ( Molinari et al , 1990 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Cerebellar lesions at a young age predict poorer long-term functional recovery

Beuriat

Cristofori

Richard

et al. 2020

Brain Communications

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Early studies on long-term functional recovery after motor and premotor lesions showed better outcomes in younger monkeys than in older monkeys. This finding led to the widespread belief that brain injuries cause less impairment in children than adults. However, this view has limitations and a large body of evidence now indicates that cerebral damages can be more harmful when inflicted at young age, during critical periods of neural development. To date, this issue has been mainly investigated in the context of focal and diffuse cortical lesions. Much less is known about the potential influence of early cerebellar damages. Several studies exist in survivor of posterior fossa tumours. However, in these studies, critical confounders were not always considered and contradictory conclusions were provided. We studied the impact or early cerebellar damage on long-term functional recovery in three groups of 15 posterior fossa survivors, comparable with respect to their tumour characteristics (type, size and location) but operated at different ages: young (≤7 years), middle (>7 and ≤13 years) and older (>13 years). Daily (health-related quality of life scale, performance status scale), motor (International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale, Pegboard Purdue Test) and cognitive (full-scale intelligence quotient) functioning were assessed. A general linear model controlling for age at surgery, radiotherapy, preservation of deep cerebellar nuclei, tumour volume and delay between surgery and assessment was used to investigate significant variations in outcome measures. Early age at surgery, lesion of deep cerebellar nuclei and postoperative radiotherapy had a significant, independent negative influence on long-term recovery. Tumour volume and delay between surgery and assessment had no statistically detectable impact. The negative influence of early age at surgery was significant in all domains: daily functioning (health-related quality of life scale, performance status scale), motor functioning (International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale, Pegboard Purdue Test) and cognitive functioning (full-scale intelligence quotient). These results support the existence of an early critical period of development during which the cerebellar ‘learning machine’ is of critical importance. Although the extent to which the early deficits here observed can be reversed needs now to be established, our data plead for the implementation of prompt and intense rehabilitation interventions in children operated before 7 years of age.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Cerebellar lesions at a young age predict poorer long-term functional recovery

Beuriat

Cristofori

Richard

et al. 2020

Brain Communications

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“…Cerebellar Purkinje cells contain low-affinity NGF receptor and its mRNA Pioro and Cuello, 1990). A possible role of bloodborne NGF in cerebellar function is suggested by physiological studies in which NGF introduced subcutaneously in neonatal mouse pups accelerates the maturation of some sensorimotor indices which are dependent upon the cerebellum (Smith et al, 1974). It is not known at this time, however, if the effects are secondary to the hypertrophy of peripheral sensory neurons or to a primary effect on NGF-sensitive cerebellar neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional CNS uptake of blood‐borne nerve growth factor

Loy

Taglialatela

Angelucci

et al. 1994

J of Neuroscience Research

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Nerve growth factor (NGF), in addition to being a neurotrophic substance, has effects on the endocrine and immune systems. For example, intravenous injection of NGF results in a cascade of events leading to an increase in glucocorticoid secretion. While this response appears to be mediated centrally, there has been no evidence that circulating NGF has access to the CNS. Using intravenous injections of 125I-NGF, we find specific uptake at 1 hr but none at 6 hr, into homogenates of the basal forebrain, cerebellum, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb. By autoradiography, uptake is localized to circumventricular organs, deep layers of the cerebellum, and all layers of the hippocampal region CA1, but not the dentate gyrus. Thus, uptake of blood-borne NGF could affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via binding to NGF receptors present in the hippocampus. However, the sources of endogenous NGF, the mechanism of access through the blood-brain barrier, the eventual fate of NGF entering from the blood, and the physiological significance of this uptake remain to be elucidated.

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Forelimb motor cortical projections in normal rats and after neonatal hemicerebellectomy: An anatomical study based upon the axonal transport of WGA/HRP

O’Donoghue¹,

Kartje-Tillotson²,

Castro³

1987

J of Comparative Neurology

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Cerebral cortical projections from the forelimb motor cortex, as defined by intracortical microstimulation where movements were evoked at low current intensities (less than 15 microA), were examined in normal rats and in adult rats that sustained neonatal hemicerebellectomy. The distribution pattern of cortical efferent projections in normal rats generally appeared more restricted than previously described. This restricted distribution is attributed to the use of WGA/HRP as the axonal tracing method and to the electrophysiological definition of the injection site as the motor cortex. The observed remodeling of the corticobulbar projections, seen after cerebellar lesions in the young, largely confirmed previous reports. Moreover, no alterations in the laterality of distribution in corticospinal projection were found. Aberrant corticospinal projections were sought in an effort to provide an anatomical basis to a previous description of abnormally low-threshold ipsilateral forelimb responses evoked from the motor cortex in adult rats after neonatal cerebellar lesions. This apparent absence of corticospinal tract remodeling after neonatal hemicerebellectomy suggests that the abnormal responses are mediated by the normal corticospinal pathways. This possibility is discussed in terms of an alteration in the spinal circuits that may change the responsiveness of spinal motoneurons to a given pyramidal discharge.

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A comparison of the role of the motor cortex in recovery from cerebellar damage in young and adult rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Cerebellar lesions at a young age predict poorer long-term functional recovery

Cerebellar lesions at a young age predict poorer long-term functional recovery

Regional CNS uptake of blood‐borne nerve growth factor

Forelimb motor cortical projections in normal rats and after neonatal hemicerebellectomy: An anatomical study based upon the axonal transport of WGA/HRP

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