A comparison of the satiating properties of medium-chain triglycerides and conjugated linoleic acid in participants with healthy weight and overweight or obesity

Abstract

Purpose Inconsistent evidence exists for greater satiety after medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) or conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) compared to long-chain triglycerides (LCT). Furthermore, the mechanisms are poorly understood and effects in people with a healthy weight and those with overweight/obesity have not been compared. This study aimed to compare appetite responses in these groups and examine the mechanisms behind any differences. Methods Fifteen participants with healthy weight (BMI: 22.7 ± 1.9 kg•m −2) and fourteen participants with overweight/ obesity (BMI: 30.9 ± 3.9 kg•m −2) consumed a breakfast containing either 23.06 g vegetable oil (CON), 25.00 g MCT oil (MCT), or 6.25 g CLA and 16.80 g vegetable oil (CLA). Appetite, peptide YY (PYY), total ghrelin (TG), β-hydroxybutyrate, and gastric emptying (GE) were measured throughout. Energy intake was assessed at an ad libitum lunch and throughout the following ~ 36 h. Results Neither MCT nor CLA decreased ad libitum intake; however MCT decreased day 1 energy intake (P = 0.031) and the 48-h period (P = 0.005) compared to CON. MCT delayed GE (P ≤ 0.01) compared to CON, whereas CLA did not. PYY and TG concentrations were not different (P = 0.743 and P = 0.188, respectively), but MCT increased β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations compared to CON (P = 0.005) and CLA (P < 0.001). β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were higher in participants with overweight/obesity (P = 0.009). Conclusion Consumption of MCT reduces energy intake in the subsequent 48 h, whereas CLA does not. Delayed gastric emptying or increased β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations may mediate this.

Application of medium-chain fatty acids in metabolic diseases

“…These findings suggest that MCT intake effectively triggers satiety signals, thereby reducing food or energy intake. A study by Maher et al [58] found that MCT intake reduced the energy intake over 48 hours. This may be mediated by the increased β-HB concentration or delayed gastric emptying, which, in turn, may lead to sustained increases in gastrointestinal peptide hormone concentrations.…”

Medium chain triglycerides (MCT): State‐of‐the‐art on chemistry, synthesis, health benefits and applications in food industry

“…Furthermore, it was also reported the production of β‐hydroxybutyrate is responsible for satiation due to glucose sparing action. Although several other mechanisms, such as slower gastric emptying and attenuation of decrease in blood glucose, are also linked to this (Maher et al., 2020). The level of carbohydrate intake may also play a role here.…”

Zastosowanie Frakcji MCT Z Oleju Kokosowego W Żywieniu I Wpływ Na Zdrowie

“…Maher i wsp. [32] wykazali, że podaż oleju MCT przyczynia się do zwiększenia uczucia sytości i zmniejszenia ilość przyjmowanych kalorii, dzięki zdolności szybkiego wchłaniania oraz produkcji anoreksogennych ciał ketonowych. Opóźnienie opróżniania żołądka oraz zwiększone stężenia β -hydroksymaślanu stanowią elementy mogące przysłużyć się do zwiększonej kontroli przyjmowanych posiłków.…”