A comparison of the soil migration and plant uptake of radioactive chlorine and iodine from contaminated groundwater

Ashworth, Daniel J.; Shaw, G.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.03.006

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Blank and spiked sample digestions were done to measure the effects of quench and the efficiency of the digestion. An extraction efficiency of 41% was calculated, similar to the 45% recorded by Ashworth and Shaw (personal communication) [2].…”

Section: Plant Tissuesupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Colle et al [3] reported even higher values, "60% of the contamination was extracted from the soils by the plants after one vegetative period." Other investigators have recorded similar results, showing that 36Cl is both highly mobile, and highly bioavailable [2,4,7,11]. Chloride has traditionally been considered to be chemically inert and to behave conservatively in soil with very low sorption values, but recent research suggests that chloride participates in a complex biogeochemical cycle that forms and mineralizes organically bound chlorine [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…50 uL aliquots of the resulting solution were added to 6 ml of Optiphase HiSafe II LSC fluid for counting. This method was adapted from one used by Ashworth and Shaw [2]. Blank and spiked sample digestions were done to measure the effects of quench and the efficiency of the digestion.…”

Section: Plant Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water used to wash the soil through the sieve was retained and used to take 1 ml aliquots which were added to 6 ml of Optiphase HiSafe II LSC fluid for counting. Chloride is commonly considered to have a solid-solution partition coefficient k d of 0 [2,5]. Although Lee et al [8] have reported different results, for the purposes of a conducting a simple mass balance the wastewater will be assumed to contain all of the 36Cl that had been associated with the soil.…”

Section: Root Mass Determination and Wastewater Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cl-36 transfer to ryegrass and consequences for environmental modeling

Bytwerk

Higley

2009

Radioprotection

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Abstract. There has been recent interest in the transport and fate of 36Cl in the environment. The IUR task force on Radioecology and Waste has identified the need for further uptake data. Reported here are the results of a 6-month study of the uptake in ryegrass of 36Cl in five lysimeters. Lysimeters were deployed in a greenhouse from November 2007 to May 2008. Except for an initial watering, exterior reservoirs connected to the base of the lysimeters maintained the water tables at a constant level with a solution containing 36Cl in a chloride form. A destructive analysis of the lysimeters showed that between 75 and 80% of 36Cl added to the system during the course of the experiments was taken up into the plant tissue. The quantities of 36Cl found in weekly soil tests and a simple mass balance provide supporting evidence for the significant bioavailability of 36Cl in a chloride form.

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Section: Plant Tissuesupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Plant Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Root Mass Determination and Wastewater Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cl-36 transfer to ryegrass and consequences for environmental modeling

Bytwerk

Higley

2009

Radioprotection

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“…2B). We propose that the discrepancy between 131 I inventories of deposition and accumulation is mechanistic rather than an artifact of sampling, and might be explained by three endmember processes: (i) Secondary deposition by an undetected (nonprecipitation) process, such as uptake or sorption of gaseous I 2 directly from the atmosphere (21) ; or, translocation of iodine from subsurface to surface soil via either (ii) root uptake (22) or (iii) volatilization (23,24) of iodine that, upon initial deposition, penetrated to soil depths greater than 2.5 cm. Details of the upward transport of volatilized iodine can include diffusion to surface soil and entrapment in the rhizosphere, or escape to the atmosphere with subsequent stomatal uptake (23) or redeposition from dew or fog (25) as in mechanism 1 above.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surficial redistribution of fallout¹³¹iodine in a small temperate catchment

Landis

Hamm²,

Renshaw³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Isotopes of iodine play significant environmental roles, including a limiting micronutrient ( 127 I), an acute radiotoxin ( 131 I), and a geochemical tracer ( 129 I). But the cycling of iodine through terrestrial ecosystems is poorly understood, due to its complex environmental chemistry and low natural abundance. To better understand iodine transport and fate in a terrestrial ecosystem, we traced fallout 131 iodine throughout a small temperate catchment following contamination by the 11 March 2011 failure of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power facility. We find that radioiodine fallout is actively and efficiently scavenged by the soil system, where it is continuously focused to surface soils over a period of weeks following deposition. Mobilization of historic (pre-Fukushima) 137 cesium observed concurrently in these soils suggests that the focusing of iodine to surface soils may be biologically mediated. Atmospherically deposited iodine is subsequently redistributed from the soil system via fluvial processes in a manner analogous to that of the particle-reactive tracer 7 beryllium, a consequence of the radionuclides’ shared sorption affinity for fine, particulate organic matter. These processes of surficial redistribution create iodine hotspots in the terrestrial environment where fine, particulate organic matter accumulates, and in this manner regulate the delivery of iodine nutrients and toxins alike from small catchments to larger river systems, lakes and estuaries.

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Chlorine: Radionuclides

Ashworth

Shaw

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Chlorine is ubiquitous in the environment and is an essential element for higher plants and animals. The primary radioactive isotope is 36 Cl, which has a half‐life of 3.01 × 10 5 years and which is produced both naturally and as a result of anthropogenic nuclear activity. This article considers the important sources of 36 Cl in the environment and the subsequent behavior of the radionuclide. The chemistry of radio‐ and stable chlorine is discussed with particular emphasis on its ability to not only exist as the chloride ion but also as organic chlorine. Procedures for the fractionation/speciation and analytical determination of 36 Cl in environmental samples are also reported. Owing to the high solubility of the chloride ion, the potential for a large degree of 36 Cl migration within soils, and from soils into plants is described. The most significant source of 36 Cl is likely to be nuclear waste buried in underground rock repositories. Over extended time periods, if such a repository were to leak, 36 Cl has the potential to move upward with the flow of water into soils and plants. The article describes risk modeling that assesses this important pathway by which humans may become exposed to 36 Cl. Such modeling suggests that 36 Cl leaked from a buried nuclear waste repository has the potential to eventually contaminate soils, plants, well water, and surface waters. However, the radioactive dose associated with this contamination would apparently be relatively low.

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A comparison of the soil migration and plant uptake of radioactive chlorine and iodine from contaminated groundwater

Cited by 51 publications

References 24 publications

Cl-36 transfer to ryegrass and consequences for environmental modeling

Cl-36 transfer to ryegrass and consequences for environmental modeling

Surficial redistribution of fallout¹³¹iodine in a small temperate catchment

Chlorine: Radionuclides

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A comparison of the soil migration and plant uptake of radioactive chlorine and iodine from contaminated groundwater

Cited by 51 publications

References 24 publications

Cl-36 transfer to ryegrass and consequences for environmental modeling

Cl-36 transfer to ryegrass and consequences for environmental modeling

Surficial redistribution of fallout131iodine in a small temperate catchment

Chlorine: Radionuclides

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Surficial redistribution of fallout¹³¹iodine in a small temperate catchment