A comparison of the spatiotemporal parameters, kinematics, and biomechanics between shod, unshod, and minimally supported running as compared to walking

Lohman, Everett; Sackiriyas, Kanikkai Steni Balan; Swen, R. Wesley

doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.09.004

Cited by 87 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…The efficiency of footwear cushioning technologies used to decrease the stress on the skeleton is debated but it has been clearly shown that footwear could influence lower limb mechanics (Lohman et al 2011). For instance, Hennig and Milani (1995) studied 19 shoe models in RFS marathon runners and concluded that footwear influences peak pressure under rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot and alters foot mechanics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, as habitually barefoot runners clearly and consistently run with lower LR (Altman and Davis 2011;Lieberman et al 2010), through the associated MFS or forefoot strike pattern, running with shoes specifically designed to put the runner as close to actual barefoot running as possible is expected to provide similar, yet attenuated effects and may therefore be of interest to potentially reduce the risk of stress fractures. This may explain the recent development of ''minimalist shoes'', i.e., shoes designed to mimic barefoot running, with less motioncontrol technology, cushioning, stiffness, sole drop and weight than standard running shoes (Jenkins and Cauthon 2011;Lohman et al 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact reduction during running: efficiency of simple acute interventions in recreational runners

et al. 2012

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Running-related stress fractures have been associated with the overall impact intensity, which has recently been described through the loading rate (LR). Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of four acute interventions with specific focus on LR: wearing racing shoes (RACE), increasing step frequency by 10 % (FREQ), adopting a midfoot strike pattern (MIDFOOT) and combining these three interventions (COMBI). Nine rearfootstrike subjects performed five 5-min trials during which running kinetics, kinematics and spring-mass behavior were measured for ten consecutive steps on an instrumented treadmill. Electromyographic activity of gastrocnemius lateralis, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris and vastus lateralis muscles was quantified over different phases of the stride cycle. LR was significantly and similarly reduced in MIDFOOT (37.4 ± 7.20 BW s ) conditions had no significant effects on LR. Running with a midfoot strike pattern resulted in a significant increase in gastrocnemius lateralis pre-activation (208 ± 97.4 %, P\ 0.05) and in a significant decrease in tibialis anterior EMG activity (56.2 ± 15.5 %, P\ 0.05) averaged over the entire stride cycle. The acute attenuation of foot-ground impact seems to be mostly related to the use of a midfoot strike pattern and to a higher preactivation of the gastrocnemius lateralis. Further studies are needed to test these results in prolonged running exercises and in the long term.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact reduction during running: efficiency of simple acute interventions in recreational runners

et al. 2012

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“…One reason could be the individual walking and running gait of the subjects, which can slightly influence the measurement of evVel_Gonio and evVel_Gyro. Additionally, footwear conditions and locomotion velocities can influence rearfoot motion of subjects [4,5,9,12,22]. In our study, the softest shoe (AS) showed the lowest evVel compared to the harder shoes (PU and AD).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

A Single Gyroscope Can Be Used to Accurately Determine Peak Eversion Velocity during Locomotion at Different Speeds and in Various Shoes

2017

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Abstract:Gyroscopes have been used in previous studies to measure the peak angular velocity of the shoe or foot in the frontal plane (evVel). However, it is not clear whether different test conditions (footwear hardness or locomotion speed) can influence the accuracy of evVel. The purpose of the present study was to compare the accuracy of gyroscopes and electrogoniometers when measuring evVel and the time until evVel (t_evVel) in 12 different conditions using a single axis gyroscope attached to the heel cap. Twenty-four recreational runners were instructed to walk and run on a 15-m indoor track at four locomotion speeds (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 m/s, and individual running speed) and in three footwear conditions (low to high hardness). The gyroscope data and electrogoniometer data were sampled at a rate of 1000 Hz. Comparisons between both measurement devices showed small mean differences up to 49.8 ± 46.9 deg/s for evVel and up to 5.3 ± 3.5 ms for t_evVel. Furthermore, strong relationships between gyroscope and electrogoniometer data were found for evVel as well as for t_evVel for all conditions. It can be concluded that gyroscopes can be used to accurately determine evVel and t_evVel under a variety of conditions.

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“…Os atletas, jovens ou veteranos, parecem ter um maior risco ao aparecimento de tais lesões do que o restante da população 1 , as quais podem ser determinadas por fatores internos (intrínsecos) relacionado com o atleta, ou externos (extrínsecos) relacionados com o ambiente 2 . Aproximadamente 69% das lesões crônicas nos corredores estão relacionadas à alta quilometragem do treinamento, ao aumento rápido da distância, da intensidade, a treinamentos em superfícies irregulares, à instabilidade do terreno de treino 3 , e a certas variações anatômicas como: pronação e inversão do pé, que relacionam-se com lesões específicas. No entanto, as modificações nos calçados esportivos, não reduziram as incidências destas lesões nos corredores 4 .…”

Section: Correspondênciaunclassified

“…Aliás, correr descalço com apoio adiantado reduz o tempo de apoio e o tempo de voo, há um menor pico de força, maior impulso de freado e de impulso, além de uma maior pré-ativação dos músculos do tríceps sural do que quando se está calçado 14 . De qualquer forma, faltam evidências científicas que afirmem que as taxas de lesões e de rendimento na corrida se incrementam quando a corrida é praticada descalça ou com calçados minimalistas 3 . Por outro lado , diversos estudos documentaram a marcha assimétrica dos corredores, sobre tudo, no que se relaciona ao risco de lesões 7,15 .…”

Section: Palavrasunclassified

Dinâmica do apoio em corredores veteranos com relação ao incremento da velocidade e da fadiga

Sánchez

Román

Campos

et al. 2014

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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rEsumoIntrodução: Nas últimas décadas, o número de participantes nas corridas populares de resistência tem aumentado, especialmente, dos atletas da categoria de veteranos (acima de 35 anos), assim como o número de provas organizadas. Objetivo: Analisar a dinâmica de apoio na corrida do atleta veterano com relação ao incremento da velocidade e da fadiga. Métodos: Participaram 43 atletas, 40 homens (média de idade: 41,3 ± 1,10 anos) e 3 mulheres (média de idade 44,3 ± 3,17 anos). Depois do aquecimento, foram realizados três protocolos de corrida: confortável, ritmo de competição e ritmo de competição até o incremento dos valores da escala de Borg, escolhidos livremente por cada atleta. A dinâmica do apoio (superfície de contato, rotação lateral e inclinação do pé) e sua sequência temporal foram analisadas em vídeo de alta velocidade. Resultados: Do total, 84,5% dos atletas apresentaram apoio atrasado, com incremento correspondente ao aumento da velocidade e da fadiga na corrida. Dos atletas, 52,7% apresentaram rotação externa leve e 69% apresentaram inclinação lateral leve. Não foi encontrada relação entre atletas lesionados ou não nem entre a dinâmica de apoio nos três tipos de corrida. O tempo de contato na fase de amortecimento foi superior no apoio atrasado com relação ao resto dos tipos de passadas na corrida confortável e no ritmo de competição. Conclusão: As descobertas deste estudo podem ser importantes para o desenho de tênis esportivos e para aportar informações sobre a relação entre o padrão da passada do corredor veterano e o risco de lesões. Palavras

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A comparison of the spatiotemporal parameters, kinematics, and biomechanics between shod, unshod, and minimally supported running as compared to walking

Cited by 87 publications

References 102 publications

Impact reduction during running: efficiency of simple acute interventions in recreational runners

Impact reduction during running: efficiency of simple acute interventions in recreational runners

A Single Gyroscope Can Be Used to Accurately Determine Peak Eversion Velocity during Locomotion at Different Speeds and in Various Shoes

Dinâmica do apoio em corredores veteranos com relação ao incremento da velocidade e da fadiga

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