1984
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1984.0013
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A comparison of the swimming of marine and freshwater turtles

Abstract: The swimming actions and performances of young green turtles ( Chelonia mydas ) and freshwater chelonians of similar size ( Mauremys caspica, Chrysemys scripta elegans and Kinosternon subrubrum ) were compared to evaluate the advantages conferred by the hypertrophied flapping forelimbs and streamlined form of the marine species. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that propulsive force is generated both on the upstroke and the downstroke … Show more

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Cited by 111 publications
(103 citation statements)
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“…Although more accurately viewed as points along a continuum, rowing is characterized by anteroposterior oscillatory motions of paddle-shaped appendages, whereas flapping is characterized by dorsoventral oscillatory motions of wing-shaped appendages [1]. Rowing and flapping have been documented among diverse taxa, including fishes [1][2][3], turtles [4][5][6], birds [7] and mammals [8,9]. Understanding how new locomotor modes arise, whether through changes in morphology, muscle activity or a combination of both, is a major focus of evolutionary studies of musculoskeletal function.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although more accurately viewed as points along a continuum, rowing is characterized by anteroposterior oscillatory motions of paddle-shaped appendages, whereas flapping is characterized by dorsoventral oscillatory motions of wing-shaped appendages [1]. Rowing and flapping have been documented among diverse taxa, including fishes [1][2][3], turtles [4][5][6], birds [7] and mammals [8,9]. Understanding how new locomotor modes arise, whether through changes in morphology, muscle activity or a combination of both, is a major focus of evolutionary studies of musculoskeletal function.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The rowing strokes of species living ''on the fence'' between aquatic and terrestrial habitats are broadly similar in kinematics to the steps they take on land, in that both involve predominantly anteroposterior movements of the limbs (Davenport et al 1984;Fish 1996;Gillis and Blob 2001;Pace et al 2001;Blob et al 2008;Rivera and Blob 2010). However, flapping strokes of hyperspecialized taxa that have moved ''all in'' to aquatic habitats are reoriented from this plesiomorphic pattern, such that motion is predominantly dorsoventral (Davenport et al 1984;Renous and Bels 1993;Wyneken 1997;Walker and Westneat 2000;Rivera et al 2011a). How can such dramatic changes in patterns of limb motion arise?…”
Section: Novelty and Conservation Of Motor Control For Limb Musclesmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…Selection for features that enhance locomotor stability might, therefore, be expected in many aquatic species, particularly taxa such as sea turtles that commonly engage in long-distance migrations (Musick and Limpus 1997;Plotkin 2003). Some inferences about the hydrodynamic stability of swimming sea turtles have been proposed (Walker 1971a;Davenport et al 1984;Avens et al 2003), but it is unclear whether flapping sea turtles might show improved or reduced stability in comparison to other species of turtle that use the plesiomorphic pattern of rowing limb motions. Such comparisons are key to understanding the consequences of locomotor hyperspecialization.…”
Section: Hydrodynamic Stability In Flapping Versus Rowing Turtlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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