A comparison of the watershed hydrology of coastal forested wetlands and the mountainous uplands in the Southern US

Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steven G.; Amatya, Devendra M.; Skaggs, R. W.; Swift, Lloyd W.; Shepard, James P.; Riekerk, Hans

doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(02)00064-1

Cited by 149 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although evapotranspiration (ET) can be the dominant water flux in catchment water budgets in the southern U.S. [21], few published studies have directly evaluated the effects of urbanization on ET in the southern U.S. or have attempted detailed urban water budgets (except see [22,23]). In a study of seven North American cities (including Miami, FL), Grimmond and Oke (1999) showed that ET in urban areas generally increased with an increase in vegetated area [24].…”

Section: Montgomerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization Effects on Watershed Hydrology and In-Stream Processes in the Southern United States

O’Driscoll

Clinton

Jefferson

et al. 2010

Water

349

219

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Abstract:The southern United States is characterized by a humid, subtropical climate and consists of 16 states (Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware, and Maryland) and Washington DC. Currently this region is experiencing the largest net population growth in the U.S. Over the last century, the expansion of large urban centers and impervious area in the region has altered the hydrologic cycle. This review synthesizes regional research that shows how watershed hydrology, groundwater recharge, stream geomorphology, climate, biogeochemistry, and stream ecology have been affected by urbanization and the expansion of watershed impervious area.

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Section: Montgomerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization Effects on Watershed Hydrology and In-Stream Processes in the Southern United States

O’Driscoll

Clinton

Jefferson

et al. 2010

Water

349

219

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Large areas of the North Carolina coastal plain have been drained over the past 300 years, altering more than half of the total forested wetlands of that region (Campbell and Hughes 1991). Unlike upland watersheds dominated by hill slope processes, hydrologic processes on these flat and drained sites are characterized by shallow water tables that are strongly coupled with precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET) (Sun et al 2002. For tree species, a shift in ecologic and environmental growing conditions may result in a decline in tree performance and in productivity due to climate change-induced drought stress (Hanson and Weltzin, 2000, Irvine et al 2004, McDowell et al 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Three Methods to Estimate Evapotranspiration in Two Contrasting Loblolly Pine Plantations: Age-Related Changes in Water Use and Drought Sensitivity of Evapotranspiration Components

Domec¹,

Sun²,

Noormets³

et al. 2012

Forest Science

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Increasing variability of rainfall patterns requires detailed understanding of the pathways of water loss from ecosystems to optimize carbon uptake and management choices. In the current study we characterized the usability of three alternative methods of different rigor for quantifying stand-level evapotranspiration (ET), partitioned ET into tree transpiration (T), understory transpiration, interception, and soil evaporation (E S ) and determined their sensitivity to drought, and evaluated the reliability of soil moisture measurements by taking into account deep soil moisture dynamic. The analyses were conducted in an early-and in a mid-rotation stand of loblolly pine, the predominant species of southern US forest plantations. The three alternative methods for estimating ET were the eddy covariance measurements of water vapor fluxes (ET EC ), the water table fluctuation (ET WT ), and the soil moisture fluctuation (ET SM ). On annual and monthly scales, the three methods agreed to within 10 -20%, whereas on a daily scale, the values of ET SM and ET EC differed by up to 50% and ET SM and ET WT differed by up to 100%. The differences between the methods were attributed to root water extraction below measurement depth and to the sampling at different spatial scales. Regardless of the method used, ET at the early-rotation site was 15-30% lower than that at the mid-rotation site. The dry years did not affect ET at the mid-rotation site but reduced significantly ET at the early-rotation site. Soil moisture trends revealed the importance of measuring water content at several depths throughout the rooting zone because less than 20% of the water is stored in the top 30 cm of soil. Annually, E S represented approximately 9 and 14% of ET EC at the mid-rotation site and the early-rotation site, respectively. At the mid-rotation site, T accounted for approximately 70% of ET EC . Canopy interception was estimated to be 5-10% of annual precipitation and 6 -13% of total ET EC . At the early-rotation site, T accounted for only 35% of ET EC . At this site, transpiration from subdominant trees and shrubs represented 40 -45% of ET EC , indicating that understory was a significant part of the water budget. We concluded that the eddy covariance method is best for estimating ET at the fine temporal scale (i.e., daily), but other soil moisture and water table-based methods were equally reliable and cost-effective for quantifying seasonal ET dynamics. FOR. SCI. 58(5):497-512.Keywords: eddy covariance, loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, sapflow, soil moisture probes, water table L OBLOLLY PINE (PINUS TAEDA L.) REPRESENTS ONE-HALF OF THE STANDING PINE VOLUME in the southern United States (11.7 million ha) and is by far the single most commercially important forest tree species for the region, with more than 1 billion seedlings planted annually (McKeand et al. 2003). More than 1 million ha of intensively managed loblolly pine plantations are found along the lower coastal plain in eastern North Carolina. Large areas of the North Carolina...

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“…We also employed each method of PE calculation in our final water budget model and verified the simulated runoff on the watersheds with observed values. The Hamon (1961) method produced the best results across all seasons, especially when applying a calibration coefficient of 1.2 following Federer & Lash (1983), Sun et al (2002), and Lu et al (2005) …”

Section: Estimation Of Potential Evapotranspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Hamon method has been tested and used in many research applications (e.g. Federer & Lash 1983, Federer et al 1996, Wolock & McCabe 1999, Xu & Singh 2001, Sun et al 2002, Legates & McCabe 2005, Lu et al 2005.…”

Section: Estimation Of Potential Evapotranspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating future runoff levels for a semi-arid fluvial system in central Arizona, USA

Ellis¹,

Hawkins²,

Balling³

et al. 2008

Clim. Res.

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We developed a water budget runoff model for the Salt and Verde River basins of central Arizona and used the outputs of 6 global climate models (GCMs) to estimate runoff in the future under assorted emissions scenarios developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). We used a statistical downscaling routine to refine the GCM outputs for the 2 basins, and we found that all model-scenario combinations simulate a mean temperature rise in the study area of between 2.4 and 5.6°C, using year 2050 greenhouse gas concentrations. Mean changes in precipitation vary substantially among the models and scenarios, and, as a result, changes in runoff vary from 50 to 127% of historical levels. Assuming equal probabilities associated with each scenario and model run, the overall results suggest that runoff from the Salt and Verde will have an approximately 85% chance of being less strong, the certainty of which is related to consensus on warming in the study area. The large variability among predictions of precipitation trends introduces substantial uncertainty. KEY WORDS: Dryland runoff · Climate change · Water budgetResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Clim Res 35: 227-239, 2008 change are fully known. And third, if future climate conditions differ substantially from historical conditions, then the political institutions that have allocated water so effectively in the past will need to be reconsidered and revised. Real reductions in water supply, or even the possibility of reductions, will force decision makers to confront previously taboo subjects such as the efficacy of decades-old water pacts and regulations, pricing schemes that rise rapidly after basic needs are met, restrictions on landscaping treatments, and density and growth management.During the last 25 yr there have been at least 6 major studies of the potential impacts of future climate change on runoff within the Colorado River Basin, and all suggest a trend to less runoff in the future. Revelle & Waggoner (1983) used the simple approach of applying temperature and precipitation scenarios for the Upper Basin to a statistical regression equation relating the variables to runoff. Nash & Gleick (1991, 1993 used temperature and precipitation scenarios and more sophisticated GCM output under doubled atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 to run a National Weather Service hydrology model for the Upper Basin. Christensen et al. (2004) used National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) GCM output from a 'business as usual' (BAU) gas emissions scenario as input to the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) hydrological model across the entire Colorado River Basin. Hoerling & Eisched (2007) applied multiple GCM outputs under BAU emissions to the calculation of the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), which was related to runoff in the upper Colorado Basin using statistical regression. Most recently, Christensen & Lettenmaier (2006) used multiple GCM outputs for 2 emissions scenarios to alter temperatur...

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A comparison of the watershed hydrology of coastal forested wetlands and the mountainous uplands in the Southern US

Cited by 149 publications

References 17 publications

Urbanization Effects on Watershed Hydrology and In-Stream Processes in the Southern United States

Urbanization Effects on Watershed Hydrology and In-Stream Processes in the Southern United States

A Comparison of Three Methods to Estimate Evapotranspiration in Two Contrasting Loblolly Pine Plantations: Age-Related Changes in Water Use and Drought Sensitivity of Evapotranspiration Components

Estimating future runoff levels for a semi-arid fluvial system in central Arizona, USA

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