A Comparison of the WISC and WISC-R in a Juvenile Delinquent Population

Ks, Solway; Frugé, Ernest; Hays,; Cody, Jo Ann; Gryll, Steven L.

doi:10.1080/00223980.1976.9921402

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Finally and most significant of all, a number of studies whose research design was calculated to control for differential practice effects all show slightly greater gains than the other studies (Catron & Catron, 1977;Thomas, 1980;Solway et al, 1976). It should be noted that even if a differential practice effect exists, it would have to be very large to make much difference: WISC-R to wise would have to have twice the practice effect of the reverse order to cut 1.5 points off our 8.4-point estimate of IQ gains from this test combination and three times the reverse effect to cut off 2.25 points.…”

Section: The Selection Of Datamentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Increasing time between tests should produce diminishing practice effects, if only slightly. Moreover, the coding subtest, the only subtest that went totally unchanged both in content and administration from the wise to WISC-R, shows the greatest IQ gains over time (Brooks, 1977;Catron & Catron, 1977;Schwarting, 1976;Solly, 1977;Solway, Fruge, Hays, Cody, & Gryll, 1976;Stokes, Brent, Huddleston, Rozier, & Marrero, 1978;Swerdlik, 1978;Weiner & Kaufman, 1979).…”

Section: The Selection Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, acting on a hunch, the author undertook a more detailed analysis of the IQ data, studies in which subjects had taken both the wise (1947)(1948) and the WISC-R (1972), and these revealed a fact of great interest. Eight studies involving a total of 623 subjects provide a measure of not only fullscale IQ gains during this period but also gains on each of the Wechsler subtests (Brooks, 1977;Catron & Catron, 1977;Schwarting, 1976;Solly, 1977;Solway et al, 1976;Stokes et al, 1978;Swerdlik, 1978, pp. 120-121;Weiner& Kaufman, 1979).…”

Section: The Reality Oflq Gains Revisitedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies of the combination SB-LM and SB-72 were omitted as superfluous given the large numbers (N= 2,351) provided by the Stanford-Binet 1972 standardization sample. Two studies of the WISC and WISC-R (Thomas, 1980;Solway et al, 1976) were included despite not meeting the usual criteria because their research design was calculated to overcome methodological problems peculiar to that test combination, 'Rejected data for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children only. ""Rejected Wechsler-Bellevue II data only.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13. Appelbaum & Tuma (1977, p. 142); Brooks (1977); Covin (1977); Davis (1977, p. 164); Hartlage & Boone (1977, p. 1285; Klinge et al (1976, p. 74); Larrabee & Holroyd (1976); Reynolds & Hartlage (1979); Schwarting (1976); Solly (1977); Solway et al (1976); Stokes et aL (1978); Swerdlik (1978, p. 119); Thomas (1980, p. 440);Tuma et al (1978, p. 342); Weiner & Kaufman (1979); Wheaton et al (1980). 14.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The mean IQ of Americans: Massive gains 1932 to 1978.

Flynn

1984

Psychological Bulletin

1,050

543

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This study shows that every Stanford-Binet and Wechsler standardization sample from 1932 to 1978 established norms of a higher standard than its predecessor. The obvious interpretation of this pattern is that representative samples of Americans did better and better on IQ tests over a period of 46 years, the total gain amounting to a rise in mean IQ of 13.8 points. The implications of this finding are developed: The combination of IQ gains and the decline in Scholastic Aptitude Test scores seems almost inexplicable; obsolete norms have acted as an unrecognized confounding variable in hundreds of studies; and IQ gains of this magnitude pose a serious problem of causal explanation.

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Section: The Selection Of Datamentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: The Selection Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Reality Oflq Gains Revisitedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The mean IQ of Americans: Massive gains 1932 to 1978.

Flynn

1984

Psychological Bulletin

1,050

543

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A comparison of the WISC and WISC-R on black child psychiatric outpatients

Munford

1978

J. Clin. Psychol.

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Administered the WISC and WISC-R in a counterbalanced design to 20 black child psychiatric outpatients. The resulting test scores revealed the two to be essentially different with lower Verbal, Performance and Full Scale IQs Subtests WISC-R scores were also lower than those on the WISC. Significant practice effects occurred when the WISC was preceded by the WISC-R, but not when the order of test presentation was reversed. The boys' combined WISC and WISC-R scores were higher than the girls' on the Information, Arithmetic, Similarities, Vocabulary, Picture Completion, Block Design, Object Assembly, and Coding Subtests and Verbal and Full Scale IQs. The girls scored higher on Coding. The tests were found to be highly correlated. The major implication is that greater numbers of black children may be given developmental disability labels.

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WISC-R: The first five years

Quattrocchi

Sherrets

1980

Psychol. Schs.

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Since its introduction five years ago (1974), 113 articles or papers have appeared regarding the WISC-R, including empirical investigations of its nature, as well as its comparability with a variety of other measures of intelligence and achievement, including the WISC. While not all this research has been carefully done, two general conclusions can be derived from the review. First, although the WISC-R involves modification in administration, design, and presentation of items, as well as a complete restandardization, the literature substantially suggests that it remains very similar in nature to its predecessor, the WISC. Investigations of factor analytic structures, standard errors, reliability coefficients, and subtest intercorrelations support the conclusion that individuals perform on the WISC-R largely the same as they do on the WISC. The second conclusion points out (with few exceptions): consistently lower scores were obtained on the WISC-R than on several other measures, including the WISC, the WAIS, the Slosson Intelligence Test, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, and the Stanford Binet, which was revised shortly before the WISC. These lower scores on the WISC-R may be due to a variety of influences, including examiner variance, an artifact of design leading to inflated scores on the WISC, and finally and most obviously, the restandardization of the scale. The amount of literature that has appeared over the five-year period suggests that practitioners and researchers are as interested in learning about the WISC-R as they were about the WISC. Despite this fact and the conclusion that the WISC and WISC-R are substantially similar, the present authors encourage caution in the overgeneralization of findings until additional literature develops.The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) was developed by David Wechsler in 1949 as a downward extension of the adult intelligence test called the Wechsler-Bellevue (Wechsler, 1939). The content for the WISC came largely from the Wechsler-Bellevue Form 11, although there were some easier items added to provide a floor for the younger child (Edwards, 1972). As the WISC Manual (Wechsler, 1949) points out, the test was intended for children from ages 5 through 15 and was standardized separately from the Wechsler-Bellevue Form 11.The WISC quickly'became one of the most commonly used tests with children who were having learning or emotional problems (Edwards, 1972). This test has continued in wide use and has been revised and restandardized as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) (Wechsler, 1974). A comparison of the two scales and a review of the current literature on the WISC-R follows. STANDARDIZATION Wechsler Intelligence Scale for ChildrenEdwards (1972) points out that the WISC was standardized on 100 boys and 100 girls at each of the age levels from 5 through 15. An attempt was made to use children who were at mid-year age. The total sample consisted of 2,200 cases. Although many more children were tested, this final 2,200 cases...

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A Comparison of the WISC and WISC-R in a Juvenile Delinquent Population

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

The mean IQ of Americans: Massive gains 1932 to 1978.

The mean IQ of Americans: Massive gains 1932 to 1978.

A comparison of the WISC and WISC-R on black child psychiatric outpatients

WISC-R: The first five years

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