“…It was initially proposed by Mishra et al [ 14 ] in 2003, as an indicator for early renal injury secondary to renal hypoperfusion. Since then, it has been studied in a variety of clinical contexts [ 7 ], both in children and adults, including renal injury due to cancer [ 15 , 16 ], cancer chemotherapy [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], kidney surgery [ 20 ], kidney transplantation [ 21 , 22 ], cardiac surgery [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], and systemic illness, especially sepsis [ 8 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. However, to date, uncertainty remains regarding the actual role of NGAL in the clinical setting, namely whether plasma or urinary NGAL (uNGAL) or a combination of the two is preferable, the best timing for NGAL acquisition, and the differences between the various commercially available NGAL assays [ 6 , 24 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”