A comparison of three techniques to date stand-replacing fires in lodgepole pine forests

Kipfmueller, Kurt F.; Baker, William L.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(97)00245-4

Cited by 33 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These methods largely rely upon the establishment dates of tree cohorts that regenerate following stand-replacing fire events to date the fire and determine aerial extent of the stand-replacing patches. Thus, in the spruce-dominated forest type we used age structure sampling methods to reconstruct the age of the dominant, presumably oldest trees, thereby estimating the time since the last fire (Kipfmueller and Baker, 1998). Satellite imagery, aerial photography, and field observations were used to identify any potential post-fire forest patches.…”

Section: Tree-ring Fire History Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire history and fire–climate relationships along a fire regime gradient in the Santa Fe Municipal Watershed, NM, USA

Margolis

Balmat

2009

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Tree-ring Fire History Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire history and fire–climate relationships along a fire regime gradient in the Santa Fe Municipal Watershed, NM, USA

Margolis

Balmat

2009

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…Tree-ring sampling.-We used dendrochronology to determine the precise time since the beetle outbreak (TSB) and time since a stand-replacing fire, and to reconstruct stand conditions at time of outbreak in all chronosequence stands (Appendix B). In each undisturbed, red-, and gray-stage stand, an increment core was taken at 30 cm from the ground on 10 dominant live trees (Kipfmueller and Baker 1998), whereas in the 25-to 35-year post-outbreak stands, increment cores were sampled on 50 live trees and cross-sections were sampled on 20 downed trees showing MPB galleries. Tree cores were mounted on wood sticks, and all cores and cross-sections were finely sanded (400 grit), scanned (1200 dpi ) and measured with a tree-ring measuring software (OSM 3, SCIEM, Brunn am Gebirge, Austria).…”

Section: Chronosequencementioning

confidence: 99%

Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests?

Simard

Romme

Griffin

et al. 2011

Ecological Monographs

255

328

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Abstract. Disturbance interactions have received growing interest in ecological research in the last decade. Fire and bark beetle outbreaks have recently increased in severity and extent across western North America, raising concerns about their possible interactions. Although it is often presumed that bark beetle outbreaks increase probability of active crown fire by producing high loads of surface and canopy dead fuels, empirical data are scarce and results are ambivalent. We combined field measurements and modeling to address the following question: How do fuel characteristics, microclimate, and potential fire behavior change with time since a severe mountain pine beetle outbreak in Pinus contorta forests of Greater Yellowstone (Wyoming, USA)? We measured surface and canopy fuels, and soil surface temperature in a time-since-beetle-outbreak chronosequence (n ¼ 35 sites) from undisturbed to 36 years post-outbreak, including stands in red-and gray-needle stages (respectively, 1-2 and 3-5 years post-outbreak). Field data were used to parameterize the fire behavior model NEXUS and predict potential fire behavior at each site.Dead surface fuel loads of all size categories did not differ among undisturbed, red, and gray-stage stands. Compared to undisturbed sites, red and gray-stage sites had on average 53% lower canopy bulk density, 42% lower canopy fuel load, and 29% lower canopy moisture content, but had similar canopy base heights (3.1 m). In subsequent decades, coarse wood loads doubled and canopy base height declined to 0 m. Modeling results suggested that undisturbed, red, and gray-stage stands were unlikely to exhibit transition of surface fires to tree crowns (torching), and that the likelihood of sustaining an active crown fire (crowning) decreased from undisturbed to gray-stage stands. Simulated fire behavior was little affected by beetle disturbance when wind speed was either below 40 km/h or above 60 km/h, but at intermediate wind speeds, probability of crowning in red-and gray-stage stands was lower than in undisturbed stands, and old post-outbreak stands were predicted to have passive crown fires. Results were consistent across a range of fuel moisture scenarios. Our results suggest that mountain pine beetle outbreaks in Greater Yellowstone may reduce the probability of active crown fire in the short term by thinning lodgepole pine canopies.

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“…This is most likely achieved by sampling old trees. An approach to identify old trees and possible survivors of a stand-replacing disturbance is to focus on large-diameter trees (Kipfmueller and Baker 1998). Although, the largest-diameter trees are not necessarily the oldest trees in a stand (Cherubini et al 1998), it is the best feasible approach.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth dynamics after historic disturbance in a montane forest and its implications for an endangered epiphytic lichen

et al. 2008

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Bolli J.C., Wagner H.H., Kalwij J.M., Werth S., Cherubini P., Scheidegger C. and Rigling A. 2008. Growth dynamics after historic disturbance in a montane forest and its implications for an endangered epiphytic lichen. Bot. Helv. 118: 111 -127.Endangered forest species are often negatively affected by disturbances, which may have long-lasting effects on the distribution, abundance and genetic diversity of such species. To understand the effects of historic disturbances, detailed knowledge of the conditions for survival and recolonisation is needed, and this requires precise information on the perimeter and severity of historic disturbance events. We reconstructed a major historic disturbance (intensive logging followed by windthrow and fire in 1871) in the Swiss Jura mountains to analyse its effect on the disturbancesensitive epiphytic lichen Lobaria pulmonaria. Tree-ring analysis of old and young Norway spruce trees (Picea abies L.), sampled systematically on a 100 m grid, revealed that (1) the disturbance was of intermediate severity, (2) a large, well-defined area of disturbance was created, and (3) an undisturbed zone remained in the centre of the disturbed area. A comparison with lichen genetic data from a previous survey revealed that genetic diversity was particularly high in the remnant zone. These results suggest that the lichen survived there, and that it re-colonised the disturbed area both from the edge and from the remnant undisturbed zone. This illustrates that a detailed reconstruction of historic disturbances, as achieved with dendroecology, is very important for understanding the recolonisation process and thus, the conditions for the long-term persistence of disturbance-sensitive species in a dynamic landscape.

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A comparison of three techniques to date stand-replacing fires in lodgepole pine forests

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

Fire history and fire–climate relationships along a fire regime gradient in the Santa Fe Municipal Watershed, NM, USA

Fire history and fire–climate relationships along a fire regime gradient in the Santa Fe Municipal Watershed, NM, USA

Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests?

Growth dynamics after historic disturbance in a montane forest and its implications for an endangered epiphytic lichen

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