A comparison of traditional and quantitative analysis of acid–base imbalances in hypoalbuminemic dogs

Torrente, Carlos; Manzanilla, Edgar García; Gopegui, Rafael Ruiz de

doi:10.1111/vec.12218

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…Around two-thirds of the AG comes from the negative charge of serum proteins, while one-third is due the accumulation of phosphate and strong anions in serum, such as L-lactate, sulfate, and anions associated with uremia [ 42 ]. Thus, a high-AG metabolic acidosis is supposed to be formed by an acid that does not have chloride as its anion, and a normal-AG metabolic acidosis is accompanied by an equal increase in the plasma chloride concentration to balance the decrease in plasma HCO 3 - concentration [ 9 ]. Our results were within the biologically normal range for healthy piglets (12–23mmol/L) [ 17 ] and were not significantly different between treatments, suggesting an absence of disturbance caused by the Salmonella challenge or the probiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Portable blood analyzers provide easy access to real-time results within minutes and are used for acid-base and electrolyte balance diagnoses with therapeutic and prognostic implications in humans [ 5 , 6 ] and small animals [ 7 – 9 ]. However, they have only been proposed recently as a useful tool for the early assessment of the health status in nursery pigs [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood parameters as biomarkers in a Salmonella spp. disease model of weaning piglets

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe weaning pig is used as an experimental model to assess the impact of diet on intestinal health. Blood parameters (BP) are considered a useful tool in humans, but there is very scarce information of such indicators in the weaning pig. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the use of different BP as indicators in an experimental model of salmonellosis.MethodologySeventy-two 28-day-old piglets were divided into four groups in a 2x2 factorial arrangement, with animals receiving or not a probiotic combination based on B. infantis IM1® and B. lactis BPL6 (109 colony forming units (cfu)/d) and orally challenged or not a week later with Salmonella Typhimurium (5x108 cfu). Blood samples of one animal per pen (N = 24) were taken four days post-inoculation for the evaluation of different BP using an I-stat® System and of plasmatic concentrations of zinc, iron and copper.Principal findingsResults reported marginal deficiencies of zinc in piglets at weaning. Moreover, plasmatic zinc, copper and iron presented good correlations with weight gain (r 0.57, r -0.67, r 0.54 respectively; P < 0.01). Blood electrolytes (Na+, Cl- and K+) decreased (P < 0.01) only when the performance of the animals was seriously compromised and clinical symptoms were more apparent. Acid-base balance parameters such as HCO3-, TCO2 and BEecf significantly correlated with weight gain, but only in the challenged animals (r -0.54, r -0.55, and r -0.51, respectively; P < 0.05), suggesting metabolic acidosis depending on Salmonella infection. Glucose was affected by the challenge (P = 0.040), while Htc and Hgb increased with the challenge and decreased with the probiotic (P < 0.05). Furthermore, correlations of Glu, Htc and Hgb with weight gain were observed (P < 0.05). Overall, BP could be regarded as simple, useful indexes to assess performance and health of weaning piglets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood parameters as biomarkers in a Salmonella spp. disease model of weaning piglets

et al. 2017

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“…It is well known that the traditional approach has reliable results only when proteins, phosphate, and electrolyte concentrations are not altered. This does not occur in virtually all sick animals, highlighting the importance of knowing other methods to aid in the diagnosis of possible acidbase imbalances in these animals (Hopper and Haskins, 2008;Hopper et al, 2014aHopper et al, , 2014bTorrente et al, 2014). A1: metabolic acidosis by both approaches; A2: metabolic acidosis by quantitative and no imbalances by traditional; A3: metabolic acidosis by quantitative and metabolic alkalosis by traditional; B1: metabolic alkalosis by both approaches; B2: metabolic alkalosis by quantitative and no imbalances by traditional; B3: metabolic alkalosis by quantitative and metabolic acidosis by traditional; C1: no imbalances by both approaches; C2: no imbalances by quantitative and metabolic acidosis by traditional; C3: no imbalances by quantitative and metabolic alkalosis by traditional;…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying hydric, electrolytic and acid-base imbalances through traditional and quantitative approaches in dogs with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

Hasuda

Flaiban

Lisbôa

et al. 2020

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Vomiting and diarrhea are two important clinical signs that can cause significant electrolytic and acid-base imbalances. The purposes of this study were to characterize hydric, electrolytic and acid-base disorders presented by puppies with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and to compare the traditional and quantitative approaches to acid-base status interpretation. Sixty-one animals with a history of vomiting and/or diarrhea were used in this study and the following tests were performed: complete blood count, total plasma protein concentration and hemogasometry. Mean, standard deviation and Kappa values were calculated. The imbalances characterized by both approaches were: 42 (69%) animals without imbalance, 17 (28%) with metabolic alkalosis and 2 (3%) with metabolic acidosis by the traditional approach and 17 (28%) dogs without imbalance, 26 (43%) with metabolic alkalosis and 18 (29%) with metabolic acidosis by the quantitative approach. The agreement calculated between two approaches coincide in 28 cases, with a moderate Kappa value equivalent to 0.459. The most found imbalances were metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, and mild dehydration. Most of acid-base disturbances were not identified by the traditional approach, whereas by the quantitative approach, they were easily determined. Thus quantitative approach proved to be superior in identification of possible acid-base imbalances.

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“…However, it has been argued that the traditional approach is overly simplistic (Torrente et al . ), fails to detect derangements in many cases of metabolic disorders (Hopper et al . ) and misleadingly indicates that bicarbonate is an independent causal variable in the regulation of acid–base status (Siegling‐Vlitakis et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the association between strong ion acid–base disturbances and mortality in dogs: a retrospective study

Zager

Fletcher

Goggs

2018

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Acid–base abnormalities are frequently encountered in veterinary emergency and critical care, but information regarding the prognostic value of these findings is limited. Several systems for analysing acid–base disturbances have been reported, but the prognostic abilities of these systems have not been compared in dogs. The objectives of this retrospective study were to determine if the commonly used acid–base interpretation methods (Henderson–Hasselbalch, Stewart and semi‐quantitative) have prognostic value, and to compare the performance of the three methods. Electronic medical records were searched to create a database containing point‐of‐care blood‐gas, electrolyte and serum chemistry values for 1024 dogs assessed at a university teaching hospital. Dogs with contemporaneous blood‐gas analysis, blood lactate and serum biochemistry samples were eligible for study, and only the first recorded analyses for each patient visit were included. Components of the Henderson–Hasselbalch, Stewart and semi‐quantitative methods were calculated. To assess prognostic ability and to compare analysis system performance, receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves for survival to hospital discharge were created. Of the 1024 dogs identified, case fatality rate was 23.8%. Area under the ROC curve did not exceed 0.63 for any calculated variable. Performance of all three analysis systems was similar. While some acid–base abnormalities identified were associated with mortality, no individual abnormality or system output yielded sensitive and specific cut‐off values for mortality prediction, and no interpretation method outperformed the others. This study suggests that initial acid–base abnormalities have limited prognostic utility and that various analysis systems can be used to assess acid–base disturbances in critically ill dogs.

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A comparison of traditional and quantitative analysis of acid–base imbalances in hypoalbuminemic dogs

Cited by 6 publications

References 71 publications

Blood parameters as biomarkers in a Salmonella spp. disease model of weaning piglets

Blood parameters as biomarkers in a Salmonella spp. disease model of weaning piglets

Identifying hydric, electrolytic and acid-base imbalances through traditional and quantitative approaches in dogs with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

Evaluation of the association between strong ion acid–base disturbances and mortality in dogs: a retrospective study

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