A Comparison of Urinary Albumin–Total Protein Ratio to Phase-Contrast Microscopic Examination of Urine Sediment for Differentiating Glomerular and Nonglomerular Bleeding

Ohisa, Noriko; Yoshida, Katsumi; Matsuki, Ryoko; Suzuki, Hiromi; Miura, Hideto; Ohisa, Yoshiharu; Murayama, Nobuki; Kaku, Mitsuo; Sato, Hiroshi

doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.04.014

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…FE pro , FE alb and uAPr have reliable predictive values in characterizing renal damage, glomerular (albuminuria>proteinuria) or tubular (proteinuria>albuminuria), as it represents glomerular filtration function with increased glomerular permeability. 14-19 In addition to these indices, determination of urinary activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), one of the best characterized tubular lysosomal enzyme helps distinguish renal tubular injury. Their comprehensive assessment in OZR model of salt-induced kidney damage hasn't been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin II Type 2–Receptor Agonist C21 Reduces Proteinuria and Oxidative Stress in Kidney of High-Salt–Fed Obese Zucker Rats

2016

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Oxidative and nitrosative stress have been implicated in high sodium diet (HSD)-related hypertensive renal injury. In the present study we investigated AT2R-mediated renoprotection in obese Zucker rats fed HSD. Obese Zucker rats were fed normal sodium-diet (NSD) or HSD 4%, for 14 days, with/without AT2R agonist C21, delivered subcutaneously via osmotic pump, 1 mg/kg/day. Compared to NSD controls, HSD rats exhibited increase in cortical NADPH oxidase activity, urinary H2O2 and 8-isoprostanes, which were associated with severe glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and an increase in urinary leak and activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, a lysosomal enzyme and a marker of tubular damage. These changes were improved by C21 treatment. Cortical expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), p-eNOS (Ser1177) and plasma nitrites were reduced after HSD intake while nitrosative stress (3-nitrotyrosine) and enzymatic defense (superoxide dismutase-to-catalase activity) remained unaltered. Albeit, C21 preserved plasma nitrites in HSD-fed OZR. C21 treatment reduced protein-to-creatinine (uPcr), albumin-to-creatinine (uAcr) as well as fractional excretion of protein (FEpro) and albumin (FEalb) in HSD-fed OZR, which is independent of changes in protein recycling receptors, megalin and cubilin. HSD intake also altered renal excretory and reabsorptive capacity as evident by elevated plasma urea nitrogen-to-creatinine (UN-to-cr) and fractional excretion of urea nitrogen (FEUN), and reduced urine-to-plasma creatinine (UPcr), which were modestly, but insignificantly, improved by C21 treatment. Together results demonstrate that AT2R activation protects against HSD-induced kidney damage in obesity plausibly by reducing NOX activity and rescuing nitrites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin II Type 2–Receptor Agonist C21 Reduces Proteinuria and Oxidative Stress in Kidney of High-Salt–Fed Obese Zucker Rats

2016

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“…Measurement of urinary albumin and urine protein are relatively inexpensive and are widely available. A low urine albumin-to-urine protein ratio (uAPR) has been suggested as a screening tool to distinguish tubulointerstitial from glomerular injury [8,12,14]. However, uAPR in cases of biopsy-proven TDF nephrotoxicity has not been previously reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalbumin proteinuria predominates in biopsy-proven tenofovir nephrotoxicity

Sise

Hirsch

Canetta³

et al. 2015

Aids

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“…This is consistent with the notion that the disruptions of the GFB that are sufficiently severe to cause hematuria also increases albuminuria. In this regard, it has been reported that, in those with glomerular hematuria, the proportion of urine protein that is albumin usually exceeds 40% [4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The routine clinical laboratory tests for urine protein are chemical assays (e.g., pyrogallol red or Coomassie blue), which detect both albumin and non-albumin proteins (total proteinuria) [6]. In general, if glomerular disease is the cause of the proteinuria, albumin represents > 40 % of total proteinuria (i.e., the ratio: urine albumin (A)/protein (P)(APR) > 0.4) If the urine total protein/creatinine ratio (PCR) is > 0.4 usually the APR is 60–80% of total proteinuria [4,6,8,9]. So, in most of these patients, measuring total proteinuria provides about the same information as measuring albuminuria, and is much less expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Differential Diagnosis of Glomerular Disease: A Systematic and Inclusive Approach

Hebert¹,

Parikh²,

Prosek³

et al. 2013

Am J Nephrol

3,135

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Background: Glomerular disease is a complex and evolving topic. In evaluating a specific case it is not unusual for the clinician to ask: ‘Am I missing something? Should I biopsy? When? Should I treat first, then biopsy?' This work, which is both evidence and experience based, is intended to address each of these concerns and many other issues relevant to the differential diagnosis of glomerular disease. Summary: The central approach is the use of diagnostic algorithms that are based on quantitative measures routinely obtained early in the course of the diagnostic evaluation. The algorithms are designed to be easy to navigate, systematic, and inclusive. Also provided is a detailed and prioritized list of recommended diagnostic testing, and the rationale for each test. Key Message: This work is intended to facilitate accurate diagnosis in the individual patient presenting with evidence of glomerular disease.

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A Comparison of Urinary Albumin–Total Protein Ratio to Phase-Contrast Microscopic Examination of Urine Sediment for Differentiating Glomerular and Nonglomerular Bleeding

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Angiotensin II Type 2–Receptor Agonist C21 Reduces Proteinuria and Oxidative Stress in Kidney of High-Salt–Fed Obese Zucker Rats

Angiotensin II Type 2–Receptor Agonist C21 Reduces Proteinuria and Oxidative Stress in Kidney of High-Salt–Fed Obese Zucker Rats

Nonalbumin proteinuria predominates in biopsy-proven tenofovir nephrotoxicity

Differential Diagnosis of Glomerular Disease: A Systematic and Inclusive Approach

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