A comparison of volcanic with other fluxes of atmospheric trace gas constituents

Cadle, R. D.

doi:10.1029/rg018i004p00746

Cited by 119 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Volcanic emissions of fluorine take the form of either sluggish permanent release from quiescent volcanoes (passive degassing) or rarer but more impacting discharges during short-lived volcanic eruptions. Estimates of the global volcanogenic fluorine flux range 50 to 8600 Gg/a [6,7,10], with the former figure being probably an underestimate. Total anthropogenic emissions are in the same order of magnitude with the highest emissions are due to chlorofluorocarbon production (300 Gg/a) and coal burning (200 Gg/a) [5].…”

Section: Magmatic Fluorinementioning

confidence: 99%

Human fluorosis related to volcanic activity: a review

D’Alessandro¹

2006

WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health, Vol 10

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Fluorosis is a widespread disease related to ingestion of high levels of fluorine through water and food. Although sometimes of anthropogenic origin, high levels of fluorine are generally related to natural sources. One of the main sources is represented by volcanic activity, which releases magmatic fluorine generally as hydrogen fluorine through volcanic degassing. For example, Mt. Etna in Italy is considered the greatest point source at the global scale, releasing on average 70 Gg of HF each year. But the impact of fluorine on human health is highly dependent on its chemical state, which means that high rates of release do not necessarily point to high impacts. The major pathway of magmatic fluorine to humans is in the form of fluoride ion (F -), through consumption of contaminated vegetables and drinking water. Contamination can happen either through direct uptake of gaseous HF or through rainwaters and volcanic ashes. Furthermore hydrogen fluoride, being one of the most soluble gases in magmas, exsolves only partially (< 20%) during volcanic activity. Volcanic rocks thus contain high levels of fluorine, which are transferred to groundwaters through water-rock interaction processes in the aquifers. Large magmatic provinces, like for example the East African Rift Valley, are therefore endemic for fluorosis. Finally a literature review of volcanic related fluorosis is given.

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Section: Magmatic Fluorinementioning

confidence: 99%

Human fluorosis related to volcanic activity: a review

D’Alessandro¹

2006

WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health, Vol 10

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“…The magnitude of the total COS flux due to volcanic activity is highly uncertain (Belviso et al, 1986;Cadle, 1980;Khalil and Rasmussen, 1984). It is estimated that about 50% of COS emissions occurs during eruptions and most of the remaining 50% is attributed to post-eruptive emissions, with emissions during quiescent periods constituting less than 1% (Belviso et al, 1986).…”

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonyl sulfide in air extracted from a South Pole ice core: a 2000 year record

et al. 2008

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Abstract. In this study, we present carbonyl sulfide (COS) measurements from an ice core drilled near South Pole, East Antarctica (SPRESSO). The samples are from 135–291 m, with estimated mean COS ages ranging from 278 to 2155 years before present (defined as 2000 C.E.). When combined with the previous records of COS from Antarctic ice cores and firn air, the current data provide a continuous record of COS extending beyond the last two millennia. The general agreement between ice cores, firn air, and modern air measurements supports the idea that polar ice is a valid archive for paleoatmospheric COS. The average COS mixing ratio of the SPRESSO data set is (331±18) ppt (parts per trillion in mol/mol, ±1σ, n=100), excluding 6 outliers. These data confirm earlier firn air and ice core measurements indicating that the late 20th century COS levels of 500 ppt are greatly increased over preindustrial levels and represent the highest atmospheric levels over the past 2000 years. The data also provide evidence of climate-related variability on centennial time-scales, with relative maxima at the peaks of Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age. There is evidence for a long-term increasing trend in COS of 1.8 ppt per 100 years. Further ice core studies will be needed to determine whether this trend reflects secular variability in atmospheric COS, or a slow post-depositional chemical loss of COS in the ice core.

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“…The equivalent S fluxes of particulate S, SO4 2-, OCS, and CS2 are less than 1 Tg/a S each and combined sum to 0.64 Tg/a S. It is important to note that these fluxes ultimately rely on only a few samples and therefore are prone to many error sources. Cadle [1980] used a similarly small database and a different approach for estimating global OCS and CS2 fluxes; he obtained estimates of 0.011 and 0.017 Tg/a S, respectively. These estimates are an order of magnitude smaller than that determined in this study.…”

Section: Geia Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%