A comparison of voting algorithms for n-version programming

Gersting, Judith L.; Nist, R.L.; Roberts, D.; Valkenburg, R.L. Van

doi:10.1109/hicss.1991.183986

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Gersting et al in [9], proposed a majority voter which considers history record of each module as cumulative number of times it is participated in majority agreement in all previous voting cycles. If there is no agreement between results of the modules, this voter chooses the output of the module that has the highest history record.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A confidence-based software voter for safety-critical systems

Rezaee

Sedaghat

Farmad

2014

2014 IEEE 12th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing

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To tolerate software faults, N-Version Programming (NVP) and N-Modular Redundant (NMR) techniques are widely employed. In these techniques, N modules operate on the same data and send their outputs to a software voter. Since the voter is a single point of failure in the techniques, availability and safety are essential requirements. In this paper a confidence-based software voting technique is proposed. The proposed technique considers weight oscillation and confidence of each module to improve availability and safety of the voter. Evaluation results showed that availability and safety of confidence-based software voter in contrast with standard majority voter and adaptive majority voter has improved about 4.4%, 4.9%, and 5.8% for three error injection scenarios.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many voting techniques have been proposed in the literature, see [5], [6] and [9], from which the majority voter and its modified versions have been widely used. A majority voter with n inputs produces result if and only if there is an agreement between at least [(n +1)/2] of its inputs.…”

Section: Figure 1 a Tmr Voter [5]mentioning

confidence: 99%

A confidence-based software voter for safety-critical systems

Rezaee

Sedaghat

Farmad

2014

2014 IEEE 12th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing

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“…For improving of voting algorithms stability to the related faults of program modules [1], in comparison with unweighted analogs, are suggested the modifications of the basic voting algorithms agreed by a majority and a fuzzy vote by an agreed majority [2].…”

Section: Voting Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model implementation of the simulation environment of voting algorithms, as a dynamic system for increasing the reliability of the control complex of autonomous unmanned objects

et al. 2017

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Abstract. In the article the question of application of redundant schemes for the development of faulttolerant software, in particular multiversion programming, is considered with reference to the task increasing the reliability of the control complex of autonomous unmanned objects. Modifications of the basic voting algorithms by an agreed majority and its fuzzy version are proposed. The software implementation of the simulation environment that implements the described approach and the proposed modified algorithms is considered. The results of the simulation the dependence of the reliability indicators of the system on its input parameters are shown by authors.

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“…The voter receives outputs of N-different modules and compares them depending on the voting strategy. Several voting algorithms (or strategies) and their comparisons can be found in the literature [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the safe-state of the system is not determined (or if the system is not fail-safe), generalized voting strategies [11,12] can be used, where generally N is chosen as 3 (triple modular redundancy (TMR)) [19][20][21]. A possible TMR architecture is illustrated in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new bitwise voting strategy for safety-critical systems with binary decisions

Durmuş¹,

Eris²,

Yıldırım³

et al. 2015

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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Abstract:The main issue in controlling safety-critical systems such as nuclear power reactors or railway interlocking systems is to provide high safety and reliability where the risk ratio is at the highest level because small errors might result in hazardous accidents (e.g., death or injury of many people). The N-version programming technique, where N-different modules run in parallel, can be used to improve the reliability and safety of such systems at the desired safety level. Decisions of N-different modules are then evaluated by another component, usually known as the voter, using different voting strategies. In the current study a bitwise voting strategy to evaluate module decisions that are based on safe-states of variables is proposed and possible synchronization problems between the modules are determined.Sequence diagrams and solutions for synchronization problems are also explained.

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A comparison of voting algorithms for n-version programming

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

A confidence-based software voter for safety-critical systems

A confidence-based software voter for safety-critical systems

Model implementation of the simulation environment of voting algorithms, as a dynamic system for increasing the reliability of the control complex of autonomous unmanned objects

A new bitwise voting strategy for safety-critical systems with binary decisions

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