A Comparison Study of Impulsiveness, Cognitive Function, and P300 Components Between Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate and Heroin-Addicted Patients: Preliminary Findings

Abstract

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate and compare impulsiveness, negative emotion, cognitive function, and P300 components among gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)-addicted patients, heroin-dependent patients, and methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) subjects.MethodsA total of 48 men including 17 GHB addicts, 16 heroin addicts, 15 MMT subjects, and 15 male mentally healthy controls (HC) were recruited. All subjects were evaluated for symptoms of depression, anxiety, impulsiveness, and cognitive function through the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version II (BIS-II), the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (BJ-MoCA), the behavioral test (response time), and event-related potential P300 detection.Results(1) The mean scores of BIS-II in the GHB addiction group, heroin dependence group, and MMT group were significantly higher than those of the HC group (F = 30.339, P = 0.000). (2) The total scores of BJ-MOCA in GHB addiction group was the worst among the four groups, followed by heroin addiction, MMT group and HC group (F = 27.880, P = 0.000). (3) The response time in the GHB addiction group was the longest among the four groups, followed by the heroin addiction, MMT, and HC groups (F = 150.499, P = 0.000). (4) The amplitude and latency of P300 in GHB addiction subjects were significantly lower and longer than those of the MMT group and the HC group. (5) For the three types of addiction, the P300 amplitudes at Fz, Cz, Pz, T5, and T6 were negatively correlated with the scores of GAD-7, PHQ-9, and BIS-II; the P300 latencies were positively correlated with the response time and negatively correlated with the scores of the BJ-MoCA.ConclusionPeople with an addiction were likely to have increased impulsiveness. The cognitive function of the GHB and heroin-addicted subjects, including the heroin detoxification and the MMT groups, was severely impaired, especially for the GHB-addicted patients. The impairment manifested as abnormalities of BJ-MoCA, response time, and P300 components.

Auditory P300 in individuals with high schizotypy: associations of schizotypal traits with amplitude and latency under different oddball conditions

“…According to previous studies on P300 ( Tsolaki et al, 2015 ; Habelt et al, 2020 ; Kim et al, 2020 ; Higuchi et al, 2021 ; Zeng et al, 2022 ), we defined 300–500 ms after the target sound as time-window, and a positive maximum peak amplitude was detected within this time window by ERPLAB (v7.0.0). Peak latency was defined as the time point of maximum positive amplitude within the specific latency window.…”

“…P300 is a long-lasting component generated in the temporal and parietal regions. It is elicited by an “oddball” paradigm consisting of frequent standard stimuli and infrequent target stimuli ( Tsolaki et al, 2015 ; Habelt et al, 2020 ; Zeng et al, 2022 ). Most of the previous studies adopted deviant frequency as the target stimuli ( Turetsky et al, 2015 ; Hamilton et al, 2019 ); however, the variant duration, an effective oddball, also induced the auditory P300 ( Schenkein, 2006 ; St. George and Cone, 2020 ).…”