A Comparison Study of Summer Season Raindrop Size Distribution Between Palau and Taiwan, Two Islands in Western Pacific

Seela, Balaji Kumar; Janapati, Jayalakshmi; Lin, Pay Liam; Reddy, K. Krishna; Shirooka, Ryuichi; Wang, Pao K.

doi:10.1002/2017jd026816

Cited by 90 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…Note that almost for all raindrop bins, the concentration of higher rain rate class is higher than that of a lower 20 rain rate class. Furthermore, the breadth of DSD shape increases and the tail of DSD shifts gradually to the larger diameter with the increase of rainfall intensity, which is similar to the previous findings in Taiwan (Seela et al, 2017), south Indian (Jash et al, 2019), Palau (Krishna et al, 2016), and United Kingdom (Islam et al, 2012). All the DSD spectra only have one peak which differs from Krishna et al (2016) where the spectrum becomes bimodal when rain rate > 8 mm h −1 .…”

Section: Dsd Characteristics In Different Rain Rate Classessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…A total number of 43618 1-minute DSD spectra have been selected after data quality control, covering the wet seasons (May to October) from 2014 to 2018 except for May 2014 (no observation yet). In this study, the raindrops below 1 mm are 25 considered small drops; 1-3 mm are midsize drops; and large drops if larger than 3 mm (Krishna et al, 2016;Seela et al, 2017;Seela et al, 2018;Tokay et al, 2014). The distribution and statistics of the DSD parameters are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Distribution Of Dsd Parametersmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution during rainy seasons in Beijing urban area and implications for radar rainfall estimation

Ma¹,

Ni²,

Chandrasekar³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Raindrop size distribution (DSD) information is fundamental in understanding the precipitation microphysics and quantitative precipitation estimation, especially in complex terrain or urban environment which is known for its complicated rainfall mechanism and high spatial and temporal variability. In this study, the DSD characteristics of rainy seasons in Beijing urban area are extensively investigated using 5-year DSD observations from a Parsivel2 disdrometer located at Tsinghua University. The results show that the DSD samples with rain rate < 1 mm h−1 account for more than half of total observations. The mean values of log10 Nw and Dm of convective rain are higher than that of stratiform rain, and there is a clear boundary between the two types of rain in terms of the scattergram of log10Nw versus Dm. The convective rain in Beijing is neither continental nor maritime owing to the particular location and local topography. As the rainfall intensity increases, the DSD spectra become higher and wider, but they still have peaks around diameter D ~ 0.5 mm. The midsize drops contribute most towards accumulated rainwater. The Dm and log10Nw values show a diurnal cycle and an annual cycle. In addition, DSD shows higher Dm values and lower log10Nw values during the periods of strong urban heat island (UHI) effect and UHI up stage of a day, and the same in July and August. The localized radar reflectivity (Z) and rain rate (R) relations (Z = aRb) show substantial differences compared to the commonly used NEXRAD relationships. And the polarimetric radar algorithms R(Kdp), R(Kdp, ZDR), and R(ZH, ZDR) show greater potential for rainfall estimation.

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Section: Dsd Characteristics In Different Rain Rate Classessupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Distribution Of Dsd Parametersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution during rainy seasons in Beijing urban area and implications for radar rainfall estimation

Ma¹,

Ni²,

Chandrasekar³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Variations of mean raindrop concentration ( N ( D ), m −3 mm −1 ) with raindrop diameter (D, mm) for summer and winter seasons of the above‐mentioned period are shown in Figure . In this work, by following the previous researchers' raindrop size classification, we considered raindrops below 1 mm as small drops, 1–3 mm as midsize drops, and above 3 mm as large drops (Jayalakshmi & Reddy, ; Krishna et al, ; Seela et al, ; Tokay et al, ). An inspection of raindrop spectra in Figure shows that the raindrop concentration of small drops is higher in winter as compared to summer, and the number concentration of midsize and large drops is lower in winter than summer rainfall.…”

Section: Observational Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The δ( D , R ) is the ratio of the mean raindrop concentration in one season ( N ( D ) of summer/winter) at a diameter D and a rain rate R to the sum of the mean raindrop concentrations in both seasons ( N ( D ) of summer and winter). The percentage parameter chosen in the present study is similar to that of Seela et al (); however, different rain rate classes are considered in this study. Variations in δ( D , R ) of summer and winter rainfall are depicted in Figure .…”

Section: Observational Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raindrop Size Distribution Characteristics of Summer and Winter Season Rainfall Over North Taiwan

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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Raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics of summer and winter seasons over north Taiwan are analyzed by using long-term (~12 years) raindrop spectra from Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer located at National Central University (24°58 0 N, 121°10 0 E), Taiwan. Along with the disdrometer data, radar reflectivity mosaic from six ground-based radars, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, and ERA-Interim data sets are used to establish the dynamical and microphysical characteristics of summer and winter rainfall. Significant differences in raindrop spectra of summer and winter rainfall are noticed. Winter rainfall has a higher concentration of small drops and a lower concentration of midsize and large drops when compared to summer rainfall. RSD stratified on the basis of rain rate showed a higher mass-weighted mean diameter (D m ) and a lower normalized intercept parameter (log 10 N w ) in summer than winter. Similarly, diurnal variation of RSD showed higher D m and lower log 10 N w values in summer as compared to winter rainfall. In addition, for both seasons, the mean value of D m is higher in convective precipitation than stratiform. Radar reflectivity (Z) and rain rate (R) relations (Z = A*R b ) showed a clear demarcation between summer and winter rainfall. Higher ground temperatures, deeply extended clouds with intense convective activity in summer modified the RSD through evaporation, drop sorting, and collision-coalescence processes resulting with higher D m and lower log 10 N w values in summer as compared to winter rainfall. Plain Language SummaryThis study details about the raindrop size distribution characteristics variations between summer and winter seasons of north Taiwan using long-term (12 years) disdrometer data and the possible reasons for the raindrop size distribution variations are also detailed. -T. (2018). Raindrop size distribution characteristics of summer and winter season rainfall over north Taiwan. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.Following this introduction, a brief explanation of data and methodology used in the present study is provided in section 2. RSD variations of summer and winter rainfall are detailed in section 3 and followed by section 4, which includes the possible reasons for the RSD variations in summer and winter seasons. Conclusions drawn from the observational results are provided in section 5.

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An analytical representation of raindrop size distribution in a mixed convective and stratiform precipitating system as revealed by field observations

Okazaki

Oishi

Awata

et al. 2023

Atmospheric Science Letters

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This study investigated a rainfall event under a typhoon influence using a 2D video disdrometer and weather radar observations to characterize raindrop size distribution (DSD) in a mixed convective and stratiform precipitating system. During the time period when both convective and stratiform rainfalls existed, the DSDs generally indicated a monotonically decreasing shape with increasing particle size, with a relatively gradual decrease at intermediate particle size observed at certain times; this feature is attributed to the combined effect of convective and stratiform rainfalls. During the transitional period between convective and stratiform rainfalls, the DSDs exhibited a bimodal shape. The DSDs were well approximated by a newly proposed gamma raindrop distribution combined with exponential (GRACE) distribution function, which was defined as the sum of the exponential distribution and the gamma distribution. A comparison of the volume ratio of the exponential and gamma components of the GRACE distribution revealed that the exponential component of the DSD was larger than the gamma component in the bimodal DSD. These results suggest that the DSD became bimodal during the period when stratiform rainfall predominated because of the weakening of convective rainfall. The GRACE distribution is useful for understanding cloud‐microphysical processes in mixed stratiform and convective precipitation conditions.

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A Comparison Study of Summer Season Raindrop Size Distribution Between Palau and Taiwan, Two Islands in Western Pacific

Cited by 90 publications

References 105 publications

Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution during rainy seasons in Beijing urban area and implications for radar rainfall estimation

Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution during rainy seasons in Beijing urban area and implications for radar rainfall estimation

Raindrop Size Distribution Characteristics of Summer and Winter Season Rainfall Over North Taiwan

An analytical representation of raindrop size distribution in a mixed convective and stratiform precipitating system as revealed by field observations

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