A complement C3 fragment equivalent to mammalian C3d from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio): generation in serum after activation of the alternative pathway and detection of its receptor on the lymphocyte surface

Nakao, Minoru; Miura, Chikako; Itoh, Shunsuke; Nakahara, Makiko; Okumura, Keiko; Mutsuro, Junichi; Yano, Tomoki

doi:10.1016/s1050-4648(03)00057-3

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…It is possible therefore that increased levels of complement activity induced in carp injected with S. inermis resulted from increases in macrophages in the spleen and pronephros. Recent extensive studies have been carried out by Nakao and co-workers (Kato et al 2003 ;Nakao et al 2003 b, c ;Nakao, Uemura & Yano, 2003) on the structure and action of different complement components in Cyprinus carpio and have also revealed that complement is associated with pronephric granulocytes and macrophages (Nakao et al 2003 a) and peripheral lymphocytes (Nakao et al 2004). An increase in the complement activity in the serum of fish injected with or exposed to cercariae of S.inermis compared to their respective sham controls could alternatively be due to a reduction in the consumption of complement components by S. inermis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between the blood fluke,Sanguinicola inermisand humoral components of the immune response of carp,Cyprinus carpio

et al. 2005

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The effect of Sanguinicola inermis on serum antibody and complement activity in Cyprinus carpio was assessed using an ELISA and haemolytic assays. Possible immune evasion strategies were assessed using immunodetection of host proteins on the surface of the parasite. Carp acclimatized to 20 or 25 xC were infected by exposure to 500 cercariae or injected intraperitoneally with 150 cercariae, and serum monitored over a 63-day period. In cercariae-injected carp, irrespective of time and temperature, a significant increase occurred in complement activity being greatest at 25 xC. In addition, fish exposed to the cercariae of S. inermis and maintained at 20 xC the level of complement activity was significantly higher after 5 weeks compared to controls. At 20 xC intraperitoneal injections of parasites increased serum antibody levels which peaked after 7 days. In contrast, at 25 xC, antibody levels were maintained over 63 days. Exposure of fish to infection did not appear to stimulate antibody production. Immunofluorescence studies revealed ' host-like ' molecules on the surface of the cercarial body exposed to carp serum and adult flukes obtained directly from the fish or cultured for 24 h in L15 medium. The possible role of ' host-like ' molecules in immune evasion is discussed and the response at different temperatures is related to infection dynamics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between the blood fluke,Sanguinicola inermisand humoral components of the immune response of carp,Cyprinus carpio

et al. 2005

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“…EGTA was added to inhibit the complement activation via the classical and mannose binding lectin (MBL) pathways . Normal human serum (NHS) was added into an equal volume of 16·7 mM EGTA and 1·6 mM Mg 2+ as Mg‐EGTA‐NHS, which can block the classical and MBL pathways of the complement activation . The Mg‐EGTA‐NHS was then incubated with NETs for 40 min at 37°C with a final concentration of 10% for NHS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil extracellular traps can activate alternative complement pathways

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2015

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

158

121

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SummaryThe interaction between neutrophils and activation of alternative complement pathway plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). ANCAs activate primed neutrophils to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which have recently gathered increasing attention in the development of AAV. The relationship between NETs and alternative complement pathway has not been elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between NETs and alternative complement pathway. Detection of components of alternative complement pathway on NETs in vitro was assessed by immunostain and confocal microscopy. Complement deposition on NETs were detected after incubation with magnesium salt ethyleneglycol tetraacetic acid (Mg-EGTA)-treated human serum. After incubation of serum with supernatants enriched in ANCAinduced NETs, levels of complement components in supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Complement factor B (Bb) and properdin deposited on NETs in vitro. The deposition of C3b and C5b-9 on NETs incubated with heat-inactivated normal human serum (Hi-NHS) or EGTA-treated Hi-NHS (Mg-EGTA-Hi-NHS) were significantly less than that on NETs incubated with NHS or EGTA-treated NHS (Mg-EGTA-NHS). NETs induced by ANCA could activate the alternative complement cascade in the serum. In the presence of EGTA, C3a, C5a and SC5b-9 concentration decreased from 800Á42 6 244Á81 ng/ml, 7Á68 6 1Á50 ng/ml, 382Á15 6 159Á75 ng/ml in the supernatants enriched in ANCA induced NETs to 479Á07 6 156Á2 ng/ml, 4Á86 6 1Á26 ng/ml, 212Á65 6 44Á40 ng/ml in the supernatants of DNase I-degraded NETs (P < 0Á001, P = 0Á008, P < 0Á001, respectively). NETs could activate the alternative complement pathway, and might thus participate in the pathogenesis of AAV.

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“…The more recently described C1q receptor appears to have an important role in the regulation of phagocytosis and immune complex clearance. While little is known about the functional or structural existence of these receptors in bony fish, it has recently been illustrated that C3d of two carp C3 isoforms (C3d-H1 and to a lesser extent, C3d-S) are capable of binding to carp peripheral lymphocytes [120]. Clearly more studies are required in this important area of complement biology to better understand the evolution and function of these receptors in innate and adaptive immune processes of teleost fish.…”

Section: Complement Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%