A comprehensive analysis of germline and expressed immunoglobulin repertoire in the horse

Sun, Yuena; Wang, Chunyan; Wang, Yating; Zhang, Tianyi; Ren, Liming; Hu, Xiaoxiang; Zhang, Ran; Meng, Qingyong; Guo, Ying; Jing, Fei; Li, Ning; Zhao, Yaofeng

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2010.05.003

Cited by 44 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Combinatorial diversity is produced by combining different heavy chain and light chain gene segments. The number of gene segment used to construct Ig molecules varies by species: for example, the mouse has more than 90 functional IGHV segments while the chicken has only one (Das et al 2008); the horse uses 14 IGHV, 40 IGHD, and 8 IGHJ functional segments to construct the heavy chain (Sun et al 2010). Light chains are constructed using either the lambda or kappa loci.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Light chains are constructed using either the lambda or kappa loci. The horse has 27 IGLV, 7 IGLJ, and 7 IGLC potentially functional genes for the lambda light chain; and 19 IGKV, 4 IGKJ, and 1 IGKC for the kappa light chain (Sun et al 2010). The Ig segments have been divided into subgroups, and each subgroup is composed of gene segments sharing >75% nucleotide identity (Sun et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hematopoiesis in the equine fetal liver suggests immune preparedness

et al. 2014

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We investigated how the equine fetus prepares its pre-immune humoral repertoire for an imminent exposure to pathogens in the neonatal period, particularly how the primary hematopoietic organs are equipped to support B cell hematopoiesis and immunoglobulin (Ig) diversity. We demonstrated that the liver and the bone marrow at approximately 100 days of gestation (DG) are active sites of hematopoiesis based on the expression of signature mRNA (c-KIT, CD34, IL7R, CXCL12, IRF8, PU.1, PAX5, NOTCH1, GATA1, CEBPA) and protein markers (CD34, CD19, IgM, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD11b, CD172A) of hematopoietic development and leukocyte differentiation molecules, respectively. To verify Ig diversity achieved during the production of B cells, V(D)J segments were sequenced in primary lymphoid organs of the equine fetus and adult horse, revealing that similar heavy chain VDJ segments and CDR3 lengths were most frequently used independent of life stage. In contrast, different lambda light chain segments were predominant in equine fetal compared to adult stage and, surprisingly, the fetus had less restricted use of variable gene segments to construct the lambda chain. Fetal Igs also contained elements of sequence diversity, albeit to a smaller degree than that of the adult horse. Our data suggest that the B cells produced in the liver and bone marrow of the equine fetus generate a wide repertoire of pre-immune Igs for protection, and the more diverse use of different lambda variable gene segments in fetal life may provide the neonate an opportunity to respond to a wider range of antigens at birth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematopoiesis in the equine fetal liver suggests immune preparedness

et al. 2014

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“…Multiple equine Ig lambda constant region genes ( IGLC1 , IGLC4 , IGLC5 , IGLC7 ) contribute to Ig lambda molecules, whereas only one Ig kappa constant region gene ( IGKC ) encodes all Ig kappa molecules [79–82]. The transcriptome dataset herein detected expression of IGLC1 , IGLC4 , IGLC5 , and IGLC7 , as well as IGKC .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of immune genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of young foals and adult horses

et al. 2018

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During the neonatal period, the ability to generate immune effector and memory responses to vaccines or pathogens is often questioned. This study was undertaken to obtain a global view of the natural differences in the expression of immune genes early in life. Our hypothesis was that transcriptome analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of foals (on day 1 and day 42 after birth) and adult horses would show differential gene expression profiles that characterize natural immune processes. Gene ontology enrichment analysis provided assessment of biological processes affected by age, and a list of 897 genes with ≥2 fold higher (p<0.01) expression in day 42 when compared to day 1 foal samples. Up-regulated genes included B cell and T cell receptor diversity genes; DNA replication enzymes; natural killer cell receptors; granzyme B and perforin; complement receptors; immunomodulatory receptors; cell adhesion molecules; and cytokines/chemokines and their receptors. The list of 1,383 genes that had higher (p<0.01) expression on day 1 when compared to day 42 foal samples was populated by genes with roles in innate immunity such as antimicrobial proteins; pathogen recognition receptors; cytokines/chemokines and their receptors; cell adhesion molecules; co-stimulatory molecules; and T cell receptor delta chain. Within the 742 genes with increased expression between day 42 foal and adult samples, B cell immunity was the main biological process (p = 2.4E-04). Novel data on markedly low (p<0.0001) TLR3 gene expression, and high (p≤0.01) expression of IL27, IL13RA1, IREM-1, SIRL-1, and SIRPα on day 1 compared to day 42 foal samples point out potential mechanisms of increased susceptibility to pathogens in early life. The results portray a progression from innate immune gene expression predominance early in life to adaptive immune gene expression increasing with age with a putative overlay of immune suppressing genes in the neonatal phase. These results provide insight to the unique attributes of the equine neonatal and young immune system, and offer many avenues of future investigation.

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“…Only 4 D H segments were found, which is lesser than human and mouse (27 in human and 13 in mouse). Furthermore, the size of the Chinese hamster D H segments ranges from 11 to 28 bp, similar to that of human (11-37 bp) [43], but significantly shorter than the horse and cattle D H segments (18-48 bp in horse and the longest 148 bp in cattle) [44,45]. Analysis of cloned transcripts showed usage of many V genes and all of D genes in the heavy chain, suggesting that somatic VDJ recombination contributes greatly to the Ig diversity in the Chinese hamster.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Organization and Expression of Immunoglobulin Genes in the Chinese Hamster (Cricetulus griseus)

et al. 2014

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In science, the hamsters are widely used as a model for studying the human diseases because they display many features like humans. The utility of the Chinese hamster as a biology model can be further enhanced by further characterization of the genes encoding components of the immune system. Here, we report the genomic organization and expression of the Chinese hamster immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes. The Chinese hamster IgH locus contains 268 V H segments (132 potentially functional genes, 12 ORFs and 124 pseudogenes), 4 D H segments, 6 J H segments, four constant region genes (l, c, e and a) and one reverse d remnant fragment. The Igj locus contains only a single C j gene, 4 J j segments and 48 V j segments (15 potentially functional genes and 33 pseudogenes), whereas the Igk locus contains 4 C k genes, but only C k 3 and C k 4 each preceded by a J k gene segment. A total of 49 V k segments (39 potentially functional genes, 3 ORFs and 7 pseudogenes) were identified. Analysis of junctions of the recombined V(D)J transcripts reveals complex diversity in both expressed H and j sequences, but the microhomology-directed VJ recombination obviously results in very limited diversity in the Chinese hamster k gene despite more potential germline-encoded combinatorial diversity. This is the first study to make a comprehensive analysis of the Ig genes in the Chinese hamster, which provides insights into the Ig genes in placental mammals.

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A comprehensive analysis of germline and expressed immunoglobulin repertoire in the horse

Cited by 44 publications

References 55 publications

Hematopoiesis in the equine fetal liver suggests immune preparedness

Hematopoiesis in the equine fetal liver suggests immune preparedness

Transcriptome analysis of immune genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of young foals and adult horses

Genomic Organization and Expression of Immunoglobulin Genes in the Chinese Hamster (Cricetulus griseus)

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