A comprehensive analysis of renal cell carcinoma as first and second primary cancers

Abstract

Objective Second primary renal cell carcinoma (2nd RCC) refers to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) diagnosed after another unrelated malignancy. This study aims to compare the clinical manifestation, pathology, treatment, and prognostic features of patients with 2nd RCC and first primary renal cell carcinoma (1st RCC). Materials and methods Data of the patients with localized RCC were retrospectively collected. They were classified as 2nd RCC or 1st RCC according to a previously diagnosed cancer, including 113 cases of 2nd RCC and 749 cases of 1st RCC. Results The most common types of extrarenal malignancies in patients with 2nd RCC include lung, colorectal, breast, gynecological, and gastric cancers. The age and smoking rate of 2nd RCC patients were significantly higher than in those of 1st RCC patients. For 2nd RCC patients, fewer had clinical symptoms and renal masses tend to be smaller. One hundred and eight (95.6%) patients with 2nd RCC received surgical interventions. All patients with 1st RCC underwent renal surgery. More patients with 2nd RCC underwent a partial nephrectomy. Pathologically, there was no significant difference in postoperative pathological types between the 2nd and 1st RCCs. However, the 2nd RCCs were commonly identified in the early stages. The median overall survival (OS) of 2nd RCC patients was 117 months, which was shorter than that of 1st RCC patients. Conclusions Second RCC is not uncommon. More attention should be paid to screening for 2nd RCC in cancer survivors. There are some differences between patients with 2nd and 1st RCCs that should be viewed separately.

A rara case of concurrent chromophobe renal cell cancer with lung neuroendocrine tumor: a case report and literature review

“…Other study conducted by Chen and colleagues found that 61.9% of patients with renal cell carcinoma diagnosed to have another primary tumour. According to this result, it is recommended to do full systematic examination in patients with renal cell carcinoma in order not to miss the diagnosis of other primary tumours 18 .…”

“…In addition, greater access to surveillance imagining leads to increase the rates of detection of incidental renal masses which could be diagnosed later as secondary renal cell carcinoma. It is worth to mention that patients diagnosed with secondary renal cell carcinoma are found to have less symptoms and fewer tumour sizes than those diagnosed as primary renal cell carcinoma 18 .…”

“…Partial or radical nephrectomy are the two available options bases on the expertise of the surgeon 3 . Furthermore, the condition of the extrarenal tumours should be considered which includes tumour stage, treatment complication and life expectancy 18 . It was reported that patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma as secondary tumours had a higher proportion of partial nephrectomy than patients diagnosed with primary renal cell carcinoma.…”

“…It was reported that patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma as secondary tumours had a higher proportion of partial nephrectomy than patients diagnosed with primary renal cell carcinoma. This was attributed to the smaller tumour size in patients with secondary renal cell carcinoma 18 .…”

Altered NCR3 Splice Variants May Result in Deficient NK Cell Function in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients

“…For example, it has been found that NK cell activity is markedly reduced in hepatocellular carcinoma patients and associated with poor prognosis (15)(16)(17). Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in the urinary system, and its poor prognosis may result from escape from NK cell cytotoxicity by kidney cancer cells (18,19). There have also been some studies investigating the correlation of NK cell receptors and RCC.…”