A comprehensive analysis of the growth rate of stress corrosion cracks

Lee, D.; Huang, Yong; Achenbach, J. D.

doi:10.1098/rspa.2014.0703

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Classical plasticity equates this distance to the location of maximum stress [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], evident in Figures 1 and 4. This classical xcrit is 6 to 13 μm for K500 at KI of 25 to 45 MPam and 5 to 10 μm for AM100 at KI of 30 to 50 MPa√m.…”

Section: Fracture Process Zone Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain gradient plasticity-based modeling of hydrogen environment assisted cracking

2016

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Finite element analysis of stress about a blunt crack tip, emphasizing finite strain and phenomenological and mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity (SGP) formulations, is integrated with electrochemical assessment of occluded-crack tip hydrogen (H) solubility and two H-decohesion models to predict hydrogen environment assisted crack growth properties.SGP elevates crack tip geometrically necessary dislocation density and flow stress, with enhancement declining with increasing alloy strength. Elevated hydrostatic stress promotes high-trapped H concentration for crack tip damage; it is imperative to account for SGP in H cracking models. Predictions of the threshold stress intensity factor and H-diffusion limited Stage II crack growth rate agree with experimental data for a high strength austenitic Ni-Cu superalloy (Monel K-500) and two modern ultra-high strength martensitic steels (AerMet TM 100 and Ferrium TM M54) stressed in 0.6M NaCl solution over a range of applied potential. For Monel K-500, KTH is accurately predicted versus cathodic potential using either classical or gradient-modified formulations; however, Stage II growth rate is best predicted by a SGP description of crack tip stress that justifies a critical distance of 1 µm. For steel, threshold and growth rate are best predicted using high-hydrostatic stress that exceeds 6 to 8 times alloy yield strength and extends 1 μm ahead of the crack tip. This stress is nearly achieved with a three-length phenomenological SGP formulation, but additional stress enhancement is needed, perhaps due to tip geometry or slip-microstructure.

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Section: Fracture Process Zone Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain gradient plasticity-based modeling of hydrogen environment assisted cracking

2016

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“…Two recent developments have arguably brought a stepchange to the modelling of environmentally assisted fracture. First, larger computer resources and new algorithms enable simulating coupled physical processes such as the transport of various dilute species (chemistry), the distribution of the electric field and current density (electrochemistry) and the deformation of materials (mechanics), so-called multi-physics modelling [3,4]. It is now possible to simulate the concurrent physical processes occurring not only within the material but also in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and opportunities in modelling environmentally assisted cracking

Martínez‐Pañeda

2021

RILEM Tech Lett

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Environmentally assisted cracking phenomena are widespread across the transport, defence, energy and construction sectors. However, predicting environmentally assisted fractures is a highly cross-disciplinary endeavour that requires resolving the multiple material-environment interactions taking place. In this manuscript, an overview is given of recent breakthroughs in the modelling of environmentally assisted cracking. The focus is on the opportunities created by two recent developments: phase field and multi-physics modelling. The possibilities enabled by the confluence of phase field methods and electro-chemo-mechanics modelling are discussed in the context of three environmental assisted cracking phenomena of particular engineering interest: hydrogen embrittlement, localised corrosion and corrosion fatigue. Mechanical processes such as deformation and fracture can be coupled with chemical phenomena like local reactions, ionic transport and hydrogen uptake and diffusion. Moreover, these can be combined with the prediction of an evolving interface, such as a growing pit or a crack, as dictated by a phase field variable that evolves based on thermodynamics and local kinetics. Suitable for both microstructural and continuum length scales, this new generation of simulation-based, multi-physics phase field models can open new modelling horizons and enable Virtual Testing in harmful environments.

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“…Wang [ 30 ] found that the corrosion rate of Alloy 690 in a primary water environment reached its maximum at 250 °C. In addition, Lee [ 31 ] developed a comprehensive SCC growth rate model and De Meo [ 32 ] reported a numerical multiphysics peridynamic framework for the modeling of adsorbed-SCC based on the adsorption induced decohesion mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Corrosion Behaviors of 316LN Stainless Steel in a Simulated PWR Primary Water Environment

Huang

Cong

et al. 2018

Materials

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The effect of the strain rate, experimental temperature, Zn content in the test solution, and prefilming time on the mechanical properties was investigated by a tensile test with a slow strain rate, at a chemical solution of 2.2 ppm Li and 1200 ppm B in a static autoclave with 8.2 MPa. The experimental parameters clearly affected the tensile properties. The surface morphology, fractograph, and cross-sectional microstructure were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The δ (elongation) and UTS (ultimate tensile strength) of the samples tested in chemical solution were obviously lower than those of the samples tested under a nitrogen atmosphere. However, in general, all samples showed a ductile fracture characteristic and an excellent tensile property in all experimental conditions. The δ and UTS were first increased with increasing Zn content, and then decreased at both conditions of 9.26 × 10−7/s and 4.63 × 10−7/s strain rates. The difference values of tensile properties at different strain rates showed fluctuations with increasing Zn content. The δ increased with both increasing experimental temperature and prefilming time. The UTS first decreased with increasing prefilming time and then increased. The Iscc (stress corrosion cracking susceptibility) decreased with an increasing strain rate, experiment temperature, and prefilming time. Many particles with polyhedrons were formed on the sample surfaces, which was attributed to corrosion in a periodical location at the sample surface. The average length of the particles decreased with increasing Zn content, but increased with both increasing experimental temperatures and prefilming time. The corresponding mechanism is also discussed in this work.

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A comprehensive analysis of the growth rate of stress corrosion cracks

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Strain gradient plasticity-based modeling of hydrogen environment assisted cracking

Strain gradient plasticity-based modeling of hydrogen environment assisted cracking

Progress and opportunities in modelling environmentally assisted cracking

Stress Corrosion Behaviors of 316LN Stainless Steel in a Simulated PWR Primary Water Environment

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