A Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Complications in Patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and SJS/TEN overlap syndrome are rare severe hypersensitivity reactions that lead to epithelial sloughing. Studies investigating the chronic multisystem effects of these syndromes and assessing patients in terms of quality of life (QOL), depression, and anxiety in the pediatric population are limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of these diseases from a multisystem perspective. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Sixteen pediatric patients diagnosed with SJS, TEN, and SJS/TEN overlap syndrome were evaluated between September 2020 and March 2021. Physical and eye examinations were performed. To evaluate QOL and psychological status, Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI), Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) were conducted. The patients’ general characteristics, symptoms, and examination findings at their first admission were retrospectively obtained from the hospital’s electronic records. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Nineteen percent of the patients were female (<i>n</i> = 3). There were 7 patients (44%) with the diagnosis of SJS, 5 patients (31%) with TEN, and 4 patients (25%) with SJS/TEN overlap. The median follow-up time of the subjects was 6.5 years. The most common sequelae in the chronic period were skin changes (<i>n</i> = 13, 81%). Hyperpigmentation was the most common skin change (<i>n</i> = 9, 56%). In the last evaluation, 9 cases had eye involvement. In two cases, eye examination was normal in the acute phase, while ocular involvement was present in the chronic period. In 4 (50%) patients, there was height and/or weight percentile loss. Three patients’ SCARED scores and 2 patients’ CDI scores were high. According to the CDLQI survey, SJS, TEN, or SJS/TEN overlap syndrome had a small to moderate effect on the QOL in the 43% (<i>n</i> = 6) of the patients. The ANA values of 3 patients (60%) were positive at the follow-up and negative at the first admission. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> SJS, TEN, and SJS/TEN overlap syndrome may cause sequelae even after a long time of the onset of the disease. Patients’ QOL and psychological status can be affected negatively. Ocular symptoms may develop in the follow-up, even without involvement in the acute period. Patients with SJS, TEN, and SJS/TEN overlap syndrome should be followed up in the chronic period and approached multidisciplinary.

The Association Between Oral Mucosal Lesions and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Using the Validated Indonesian Version of OHIP-14 Among People Living with HIV/AIDS

“…The findings underscore the importance of raising awareness regarding these effects among SJS survivors. 12,13 This study has some limitations. Firstly, the use of a cross-sectional design inherently comes with methodological limitations.…”

“…The findings underscore the importance of raising awareness regarding these effects among SJS survivors. 12 , 13 …”

“…Furthermore, the reliability test was carried out to ascertain whether the instrument used was reliable or not, with the meaning of reliable being that if the instrument is tested repeatedly, the results will be the same. 13 For reliability testing, Cronbach’s alpha technique was used. The value of Cronbach’s alpha is to see whether the instrument is reliable or not.…”