A comprehensive assessment of potential hazard caused by organic compounds in biochar for agricultural use

Růžičková, Jana; Koval, Silvie; Raclavská, Helena; Kucbel, Marek; Švédová, Barbora; Raclavský, Konstantin; Juchelková, Dagmar; Scala, Felice

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123644

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Positive effects of biochar leachates may be due to seed "priming" by specific ions or direct pH effects (Gezahegn et al 2021;Thomas 2021). We did not observe any cases of significant negative effects of biochar leachates on seed germination or early seedling development, which may occur due to condensed water-soluble organic molecules, in particular wood vinegar components such as acetic acid, benzoic acid, and phenol, that are generated during pyrolysis and sorbed by chars (Buss and Mašek 2014, Koltowski and Oleszczuk 2015, Gale et al 2016, Ruzickova et al 2021. The absence of negative direct effects of biochar leachates is consistent with the observations that phytotoxic condensed organic compounds are not common in slow pyrolysis biochars (Gezahegn et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Biochar mitigation of allelopathic effects in three invasive plants: evidence from seed germination trials

et al. 2022

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Many invasive species show allelopathic effects that contribute to competitive impacts on native vegetation for which few control measures exist. We investigated the potential for pyrolized organic material used as a soil amendment (“biochar”) to sorb allelochemicals and mitigate allelopathic effects on seed germination and early seedling development in three common invasive plants in Canada, garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) and yellow sweetgrass (Melilotus officinalis). We hypothesized that biochars would mitigate effects on germination and early seedling development (radicle extension and cotyledon development) through sorption of allelochemicals. Laboratory assays of seed germination and early seedling development of two agricultural crops (Lactuca sativa and Raphinus raphanistrum) and two native grass species (Andropogon gerardi and Poa palustris) were conducted using water extracts from leaves. Seeds were treated with plant extracts exposed to four different biochars (red oak (Quercus rubra), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), shipping pallet and construction waste, and, high-carbon wood ash) using a range of extract and biochar dosages. Treatment of allelopathic plant extracts by biochars significantly (p <0.05) mitigated effects on seed germination for Alliaria and Melilotus. Effects on seed germination and early seedling development depended on extract concentration, biochar dosage, and the target species assessed. Controls treated with biochar leachate alone showed significantly (p <0.05) increased germination for two of the biochars tested (jack pine biochar and high-carbon wood ash). Results indicated that biochars can mitigate allelopathic effects of invasive species through sorption of allelochemicals, however this will be effective in only some cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Biochar mitigation of allelopathic effects in three invasive plants: evidence from seed germination trials

et al. 2022

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“…On the other hand, at different pH values, the existing forms of phosphorus were also different. The ionization equilibrium constants corresponding to

, and

were 2.15, 7.20, and 12.33, respectively [ 33 ]. When the pH was between 2.15 and 7.2, the

content increased with the pH of the solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Zero-Valent Zinc-Modified Municipal Sludge Biochar for Phosphorus Removal

Zhang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Municipal sludge biochar (MSBC) can be used to absorb phosphorus in water for waste treatment. Nano-zero-valent zinc (nZVZ) was uniformly attached to MSBC to obtain a highly efficient phosphorus-absorbing composite material, nZVZ–MSBC. Characterization by FTIR, XPS, XRD, and BET showed that nZVZ was uniformly dispersed on the surface of the MSBC. Zinc loading was able to greatly improve the adsorption performance of MSBC for phosphorus. Adsorption experiments illustrated that the adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption amount was 186.5 mg/g, which is much higher than that for other municipal sludge biochars. The adsorption process reached 80% of the maximum adsorption capacity at 90 min, and this gradually stabilized after 240 min; adsorption equilibrium was reached within 24 h. The optimum pH for adsorption was 5. The main adsorption mechanism was chemical adsorption, but physical adsorption, external diffusion, internal diffusion, and surface adsorption also played roles. The potential for application as an efficient adsorbent of phosphorus from water was confirmed. In addition, a novel strategy for municipal sludge disposal and resource utilization is provided.

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“…These applications include being used as a component of chemical fertilizer [83], soil microbial activity, soil amendment for crop productivity improvement through nutrient availability [84,85] as well as water holding capacity [86]. Biochar has also been reported to alleviate heavy metals release in the soil while having a limiting effect that aids in increasing the pH of highly acidic soils [87,88]. Though biochar is another soil conditioner type, it differs from compost by production pathways.…”

Section: Biochar In Agriculture and Horticulturementioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar: Production, Application and the Future

Armah¹,

Chetty²,

Adedeji³

et al. 2023

Biochar - Productive Technologies, Properties and Applications

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Biochar, or carbon obtained from biomass, is a particularly rich source of carbon created by thermal burning of biomass. There is a rise of interest in using biochar made from waste biomass in a variety of disciplines to address the most pressing environmental challenges. This chapter will provide an overview on the methods employed for the production of biochar. Biochar has been considered by a number of analysts as a means of improving their ability to remediate pollutants. Process factors with regards to biochar properties are mostly responsible for determining biomass production which is discussed in this present chapter. Several characterization techniques which have been employed in previous studies have received increasing recognition. These includes the use of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the Scanning electron microscope which duly presented in this chapter. This chapter also discusses the knowledge gaps and future perspectives in adopting biochar to remediate harmful contaminants, which can inform governmental bodies and law-makers to make informed decisions on adopting this residue.

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A comprehensive assessment of potential hazard caused by organic compounds in biochar for agricultural use

Cited by 39 publications

References 70 publications

Biochar mitigation of allelopathic effects in three invasive plants: evidence from seed germination trials

Biochar mitigation of allelopathic effects in three invasive plants: evidence from seed germination trials

Nano-Zero-Valent Zinc-Modified Municipal Sludge Biochar for Phosphorus Removal

Biochar: Production, Application and the Future

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